Table 2.
Mean signed parameter bias and standard deviation (S.D.) in kflux parametric maps of the realistic phantom, averaged over the sub-region shown in figure 3(b). The maps were obtained from image sequences reconstructed using the conventional (non-4D) MAP algorithm, and the 2C3K and linear model-based nested-MAP reconstructions (with their optimal temporal roughness penalties). Bias and S.D are expressed as percentages of the average ground-truth kflux value across the phantom sub-region. The lowest bias and S.D values are highlighted in bold and underlined.
| Algorithm | Kinetic model fitted during reconstruction | Bias (%) | S.D. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAP | None | 7.9 | 15.8 |
| Nested-MAP | 2C3K | −4.2 | 8.4 |
| Nested-MAP | Adaptive-knot cubic B-splines (∫ [[f(2) (t)]2dt penalty) | 2.6 | 12.1 |
| Nested-MAP | Spectral model (|θ|2 penalty) | − 3.2 | 5.7 |
| Nested-MAP | Spline-residue model (|θ|2 penalty) | −0.1 | 7.7 |