Table 2. Bivariate analysis of baseline characteristics and incidence of diabetes in patients with prediabetes at 3 years follow-up.
| Variable | HR (95%) CI) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Men | 1.00 |
| Women | 1.01 (0.73–1.41) |
| Age | |
| 30–49 years | 1,00 |
| 50–64 years | 0.93 (0.58–1.47) |
| 65–74 years | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) |
| Educational level | |
| Less than secondary | 1.00 |
| Secondary or higher | 0.88 (0.62–1.25) |
| Family history of diabetes | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.58 (1.13–2.21) |
| Tobacco consumption | |
| Smoker | 1.00 |
| Ex-smoker | 1.49 (0.89–2.48) |
| Never smoker | 1.16 (0.69–1.95) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| None | 1.00 |
| Low risk | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) |
| High risk or harmful | 0.85 (0.51–1.43) |
| Daily consumption of fruits | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) |
| Daily consumption of vegetables | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.75–1.46) |
| Complete breakfast | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.71 (0.46–1.09) |
| Regular physical activity | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |
| <30 | 1.00 |
| ≥30 | 1.80 (1.29–2.51) |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | |
| <88 cm (women)/ <102 cm (men) | 1.00 |
| ≥88 cm (women)/ ≥102 cm (men) | 2.21 (1.44–3.38) |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |
| <140/90 | 1.00 |
| ≥140/90 | 1.58 (1.13–2.20) |
| Liver enzymes (U/L) | |
| AST ≤35 | 1.00 |
| AST >35 | 2.18 (1.39–3.41) |
| ALT ≤35 | 1.00 |
| ALT >35 | 1.93 (1.34–2.76) |
| GGT ≤40 | 1.00 |
| GGT >40 | 1.66 (1.18–2.35) |
| Lipid profile (mg/dL) | |
| Total cholesterol <250 | 1.00 |
| Total cholesterol ≥250 | 0.85 (0.51–1.42) |
| HDL cholesterol <40 (men)/ <50 (women) | 1.00 |
| HDL cholesterol ≥40 (men)/ ≥50 (women) | 0.58 (0.41–0.82) |
| LDL cholesterol <100 | 1.00 |
| LDL cholesterol ≥100 | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) |
| Triglycerides <150 | 1.00 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 | 1.63 (1.16–2.30) |
| Metabolic syndrome | |
| No | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.02 (2.14–4.26) |
| Fatty liver index | |
| <30 | 1.00 |
| 30–60 | 2.22 (0.97–5.11) |
| ≥60 | 4.52 (2.10–9.72) |
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure