Table 5. Survival analysis in full cohort (A) and early-stage subgroup (B) of lung adenocarcinoma.

A (n = 476)
		Disease-free survival			Overall survival
		Univariate	Multivariate		Univariate	Multivariate
Clinicopathologic variables	Category	p value	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	p value	HR (95% CI)
sex	Male vs female	0.947	-		0.028	0.669
age	≥66 vs <66	0.038	0.07		< 0.001	< 0.001	2.340 (1.556–3.497)
smoking history	ever vs never	0.934			0.019	0.068
histologic subtype	PD vs. WD/MD	0.003	0.42		0.002	0.412
pleural invasion	Present vs. absent	< 0.001			< 0.001	0.031	1.575 (1.042–2.379)
vascular invasion	Present vs. absent	< 0.001	0.026	1.444 (1.045–1.995)	< 0.001	0.693
lymphatic invasion	Present vs. absent	< 0.001	0.003	1.667 (1.214–2.372)	< 0.001	0.006	1.885 (1.197–2.967)
Perineural invasion	Present vs. absent	0.04	0.665		0.009	0.301
pTNM stage	IIB, III and IV vs I, IIA	<0.001	<0.001	2.129 (1.564–2.899)	< 0.001	< 0.001	2.684 (1.788–4.029)
PD-L1 protein expression	>1% vs <1%	0.196			0.054
	>50% vs <50%	0.382			0.381
PDL1 mRNA expression	positive vs negative	0.488			0.127
B (n = 340)
		Disease-free survival			Overall survival
		Univariate	Multivariate		Univariate	Multivariate
Clinicopathologic variables	Category	p value	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	p value	HR (95% CI)
sex	Male vs female	0.475			0.13
age	≥66 vs <66	0.749			0.021	0.043	1.830(1.020–3.284)
smoking history	ever vs never	0.501			0.01	0.017	2.026(1.133–3.624)
histologic subtype	PD vs. WD/MD	0.015	0.255		0.086
pleural invasion	Present vs. absent	0.001	0.25		0.006	0.032	1.908(1.057–3.443)
vascular invasion	Present vs. absent	0.006	0.352		0.204
lymphatic invasion	Present vs. absent	<0.001	0.069		0.001	0.02	2.038(1.120–3.709)
Perineural invasion	Present vs. absent	0.11			0.037	0.074
pTNM stage	IIA vs. I	<0.001	0.008	2.323(1.361–3.966)	0.001	0.164	2.194(1.140–4.001)
PD-L1 protein expression	>1% vs <1%	0.129			0.02	0.05	1.947(1.000–3.791)
	>50% vs <50%	0.416			0.064
PD-L1 mRNA expression	positive vs negative	0.887			0.909

PD-L1, Programmed cell death ligand-1; mRNA, messenger RNA; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; WD, well differentiated; MD, moderately differentiated; PD, poorly differentiated