Figure 3.

GlcN increases autophagy flux in ARPE-19 cells. (A) The cells were pre-treated with or without Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1; 100 nM) for 1 h followed by co-treatment with or without GlcN (5 mM) for another 18 h. Whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting using anti-LC3, anti-p62, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (B) The optical density of Western blot bands for LC3-I, LC3-II, p62, and GAPDH was analyzed. The results are represented as the mean ± SEM. The differences in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratios and p62/GAPDH in ARPE-19 cells between the groups were compared using ANOVA. Tukey’s test was used for the post hoc analysis; *** p < 0.001 versus the control group; ^# p < 0.05; ^### p < 0.001.