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. 2018 Apr 24;19(5):1266. doi: 10.3390/ijms19051266

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) A cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-dependent signaling cascade composed of CNP, Npr2, and cGKI (cGMP-dependent protein kinase I) is implicated in the bifurcation of sensory axons. In the absence of any of these components sensory axons do not bifurcate when entering the spinal cord or the hindbrain (please compare (B,C) for the wild type and the knockout situation, respectively). Arrow heads in green (B) point to the bifurcation of sensory axons in the wild type and arrow heads in black (C) point to bifurcation errors in knockouts of CNP, Npr2 or cGKI. The downstream phosphorylation targets of cGKI involved in axon bifurcation have not been defined yet. DRG, dorsal root ganglion; DREZ, dorsal root entry zone; DSC, dorsal spinal cord; SC, spinal cord.