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. 2018 May 22;19(5):1536. doi: 10.3390/ijms19051536

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of kudzu leaf and root extracts on cell viability and the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO). (A,B): Mouse peritoneal macrophages isolated from BALB/c mice were cultured with kudzu (A) leaf extract or (B) root extract for 24 h. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Data are represented as percentages of control cells (0 μg/mL extract) (n = 4). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005 vs. control. (C,D): Mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with LPS (L) and IFN-γ (I) in the presence of kudzu leaf or root extract for 24 h. Whole cell protein was extracted and the level of iNOS protein was analyzed by Western blotting using GAPDH as an internal control. One of five independent experiments is shown. The nitrite accumulation in the supernatant was measured by the Griess reagent assay (n = 3). ### p < 0.005 vs. control (−L); *** p < 0.005 vs. control (+L).