Figure 3.

Schematic representation of first trimester placentas in IUGR, GDM, and spontaneous pregnancy loss. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key characteristic in various placental pathologies. Although the causes of IUGR can be numerous, placental oxidative stress is recurrently found. In the case of spontaneous pregnancy loss, initial onset of the blood flow in the intervillous chamber happens earlier and is less organized than in normal pregnancies, which leads to an increase in oxidative stress in the placenta. In gestational diabetes, variations in maternal glycaemia participate in placental oxidative stress induction. In all the pathologies mentioned, placental oxidative stress leads to various dysfunctions. Key: glucose (blue dots), oxidative stress (OS), Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).