Table 1.

Milestone Discoveries.

Year	Authors	Major Discovery
2010	Cibelli et al.	TNF-α an upstream mediator for hippocampal IL-1β following tibia fracture
2010	Terrando et al.	HMGB1 initiate inflammatory cascade post-bone fracture which causes cognitive dysfunction
2013	Degos et al.	HMGB1 antibody reduces cell death in a fracture-enhanced stroke
2014	Han et al.	α7 nAChR agonists diminishes microglia/macrophage infiltration of the peri-infarct region
2014	Vacas et al.	HMGB1 antibody decreased BBB permeability after fracture-enhanced stroke
2016	Zou et al.	PHA treatment attenuated brain edema and enhanced BBB integrity in fracture-enhanced stroke