Table 3.

Efficacy of intrasplenic islet transplantation.

Authors [Reference]	Publication Year	Transplant model	Comments
Sutton R et al. [114]	1989	vs. Liver (auto, monkey)	✓Intrasplenic transplantation showed no superiority over intraportal transplantation
Evans MG et al. [96]	1989	vs. Liver, kidney (auto, dog)	✓Transplantation efficacy better in intrasplenic transplanted dog model: 90% achieved normoglycemia at 1 month, compared with 33% for intraportal and 0% for renal subcapsular
van der Vliet JA et al. [97,98]	1989	vs. Liver (auto, dog)	✓Normoglycemic rate 63% for intrasplenic vs. 75% for intraportal
Warnock GL et al. [99]	1990	vs. Liver (auto, dog)	✓Normoglycemic rate 63% for intrasplenic vs. 80% for intraportal ✓Hyperglycemia after transplantation was less severe and onset was delayed
Scharp DW et al. [100]	1992	vs. Liver (auto, dog)	✓Normoglycemic rate 86% for intrasplenic vs. 50% for intraportal at 1 year after transplantation
Motojima K et al. [101]	1992	vs. Liver (Auto, dog)	✓Normoglycemia not achieved with either intrasplenic or intraportal transplantation
Ao Z et al. [56]	1993	vs. Omental pouch (auto, dog)	✓Normoglycemic rate 67% for intrasplenic vs. 50% for intraomental transplantation
Hesse UJ et al. [111]	1994	vs. Liver (auto, pig)	✓Normoglycemic rate 50% for intrasplenic vs. 25% for intraportal transplantation
Gustavson SM et al. [131]	2005	vs. Omental pouch (auto, dog)	✓Transplantation efficacy better for intrasplenic versus intraomental pouch transplantation as assessed by glucose tolerance test
Stokes RA et al. [129]	2017	vs. Liver, kidney (Allo, pig)	✓Allo-transplant model using fetal porcine islets. Transplantation efficacy was kidney > spleen > liver
Stokes RA et al. [130]	2017	vs. Liver, kidney (iso, mouse) vs. Liver, kidney, portal vein, muscle (xeno, human-to-SCID mouse)	✓Iso: transplantation of 220–250 islets. Normoglycemia rate 100% in kidney, 29% in spleen, 0% in liver (subcapsular space was used in the spleen and liver transplant models) ✓Xeno: transplantation of human 2000 islets. Normoglycemia rate 100% for kidney, 70% for muscle, and 60% for portal vein