Table 1.

Dicarbonyls and free advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in the plasma, spinal cord, and brain of mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and healthy controls.

Substrate	Product	Healthy n = 8	EAE n = 8	p-Value
Plasma
	Methylglyoxal (MGO) (nmol/L)	3268 ± 378	2160 ± 230	0.03
	Glyoxal (GO) (nmol/L)	1414 ± 51	1205 ± 70	0.03
	3-deoxyglucosone (3DG) (nmol/L)	2051 ± 123	1611 ± 152	0.04
	Protein bound Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) (nmol/mmol Lysine)	25.6 ± 1	25.2 ± 1	0.83
	Protein bound Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) (nmol/mmol Lysine)	9.1 ± 0.7	8.4 ± 1	0.60
	Protein bound Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) (nmol/mmol Lysine)	276.5 ± 19	285.6 ± 17	0.73
	Free CML (nmol/L)	315.4 ± 17	283.6 ± 15	0.18
	Free CEL (nmol/L)	98.1 ± 7	99.9 ± 9	0.88
	Free MG-H1 (nmol/L)	59.6 ± 6	91.5 ± 6	0.002
Spinal cord
	MGO (nmol/L)	1980 ± 169	3143 ± 419	0.02
	GO (nmol/L)	1706 ± 250	2258 ± 165	0.09
	Protein bound CML (nmol/mmol Lysine)	297.5 ± 116	187.2 ± 16	0.36
	Protein bound CEL (nmol/mmol Lysine)	65.1 ± 16	37.4 ± 2	0.11
	Protein bound MG-H1 (nmol/mmol Lysine)	159.4 ± 10	165.3 ± 14	0.73
	Free CML (nmol/L)	61 ± 2	98.18 ± 8	0.0005
	Free CEL (nmol/L)	14.6 ± 0.4	18.1 ± 1	0.01
	Free MG-H1 (nmol/L)	3.4 ± 0.07	5.5 ± 0.8	0.01
	Glo-1 activity (nmol/mg/min)	262.5 ± 9	198.9 ± 14	0.002
Brain
	MGO (nmol/L)	1222 ± 162	2302 ± 299	0.01
	GO (nmol/L)	1833 ± 169	2250 ± 89	0.05
	Protein bound CML (nmol/mmol Lysine)	91.5 ± 5	98.7 ± 6	0.36
	Protein bound CEL (nmol/mmol Lysine)	42.6 ± 2	43.7 ± 3	0.77
	Protein bound MG-H1 (nmol/mmol Lysine)	129.5 ± 16	139.4 ± 19	0.70
	Free CML (nmol/L)	55.6 ± 2	73.9 ± 3	<0.0001
	Free CEL (nmol/L)	24.6 ± 0.8	25.3 ± 1	0.69
	Free MG-H1 (nmol/L)	3.5 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.3	0.19
	Glo-1 activity (nmol/mg/min)	147.9 ± 5	161.4 ± 3	0.04

Data presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and analyzed using unpaired t-test.