Table 4.
Association between DXA areal BMD and all-cause mortality
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Lumbar (L1–L4) aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) | 0.3997 | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.1243 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) | 0.3753 | 1.01 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.9559 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 1.00 (0.88, 1.15) | 0.9535 | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) | 0.8781 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 0.8534 | 1.00 (0.82, 1.21) | 0.9718 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.8924 | 1.01 (0.84, 1.23) | 0.8825 |
| Total Hip aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) | 0.2223 | 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) | 0.0014 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) | 0.7737 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 0.6195 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 1.00 (0.85, 1.17) | 0.9625 | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 0.9471 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) | 0.9194 | 0.93 (0.75, 1.16) | 0.5311 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) | 0.5508 | 0.99 (0.79, 1.23) | 0.8953 |
| Femoral Neck aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 0.93 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.3991 | 0.72 (0.59, 0.89) | 0.0020 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.5759 | 0.91 (0.72, 1.14) | 0.4011 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) | 0.6899 | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) | 0.7301 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 0.5704 | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 0.4352 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 0.9882 | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | 0.6751 |
| Distal radius aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 0.87 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.0879 | 0.69 (0.59, 0.81) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 0.4043 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) | 0.0191 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 0.6618 | 0.80 (0.65, 0.97) | 0.0219 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 0.98 (0.83, 1.14) | 0.7701 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.92) | 0.0056 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 0.5468 | 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) | 0.0134 |
| Mid radius aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 0.87 (0.74, 1.01) | 0.0592 | 0.70 (0.59, 0.82) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) | 0.5587 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.0162 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) | 0.9451 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.0164 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.9655 | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.0057 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) | 0.8139 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.0135 |
| Whole Body aBMD | ||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 0.91 (0.77, 1.09) | 0.3076 | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.0160 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age, race, smoking, alcohol use, estrogen use (women only) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 0.9311 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.7851 |
| Model 3: Model 2 plus HTN, prior CVD, CAC | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 0.4158 | 1.01 (0.82, 1.23) | 0.9611 |
| Model 4: Model 3 plus whole body lean mass | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 0.5156 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.20) | 0.8195 |
| Model 5: Model 3 plus whole body fat mass | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.3138 | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 0.9779 |
HR per sex-specific SD is presented.