Table 1. Review of published cases of Rhytidhysteron rufulum.

The nodules were partially retracted in size after two weeks of therapy; however, the patient was expired due to underlying risk factors (renal transplantation, abdominal tuberculosis and multi-organ failure).

PDF: Predisposing factors; DM: Diabetes mellitus; NA: Not available; GMS: Gomori methenamine silver stain; PAS: Periodic acid–Schiff.

S. No.	Case reports	Age/ gender	PDF	Site and type of lesion/nodule	Tissue reaction	Direct microscopy	Management
							Medical	Surgical
1	Chowdhary et al. [2]	50/M	Renal transplantation	Noduloulcerative lesions on left foot and few smaller lesions over the shin and thigh	Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia with an extensive dermal infiltrate	Thick-walled, spherical, single-celled and two-celled, muriform sclerotic bodies with a brownish tinge and thick-walled chlamydospores. PAS positive.	Itraconazole	None
2	Mahajan et al. [3]	72/M	DM	Soft, painless, multi-loculated, non-tender swelling over the dorsum of the right foot with erythema and few sinuses with crusts.	Multiple areas of neutrophilic abscess bounded by epithelioid cells and foreign body giant cells	Multiple, broad, septate, irregularly branched, dematiaceous hyphae, toruloid hyphae (chains of yeast cells), and yeast-like cells which were PAS positive	Itraconazole,  terbinafine and liposomal amphotericin	Swelling was surgically excised
3	Mishra et al. [4]	65/M	None	Well circumscribed, indurated, blackish, non-tender, painless subcutaneous nodule on tendoachilles region in the left foot	Intense neutrophilic reaction	Thick brown branching septate hyphae. Hyphae were PAS positive and no spherical or sclerotic bodies were present	Terbinafine and itraconazole	None
4	Chander et al. [5]	45/M	None	Mobile, non-tender swelling on thedorsal aspect of the right foot	Intense neutrophilic reaction with lymphocytes, macrophages and few septate hyphae	Long, thick, septate, tortuous, dark brown hyphae and no sclerotic bodies. Fungal hyphae highlighted on PAS staining	Itraconazole	None
5	Chander et al. [5]	50/M	None	Small, soft, non-tender, movablenodule on the anterolateral aspect of left knee			Itraconazole	Swelling was surgically excised
6	Yadav et al. [6]	54/M	None	Well-defined, painless subcutaneous swelling on anterior aspect of right leg	Acute and chronic inflammatory cells and necrotic background	Thick, long septate hyphae	Itraconazole	None
7	Tejashree et al. [7]	59/M	DM	Painless, large, soft, slowly progressive, swelling, noduloulcerative lesion on his right leg	Mononuclear  inflammatory cell infiltrates	Septate, branching pheoid hyphae	Itraconazole	Swelling was surgically excised
8	Present case	40/F	None	Small, well circumscribed, firm, painless, free mobile swelling on the base of 3rd phalanx of the right hand	Inflammatory background showing neutrophils and necrotic debris	Thick branching septate hyphae with constrictions and bulbous appearance which stained positive for PAS and GMS. Occasional thick-walled chlamydospores were present	NA	NA