Table 2.
Logistic regression analysis: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for meeting the daily step count recommendations in non-overweight and overweight/obese children, separately for the mother-child and father-child pairs included in the model
| Meeting daily step count recommendation 11,500 SC/day for preschoolers and 13,000/11000 SC/day for school-aged boys/girls |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Families with non-overweight children | Families with overweight/obese children | |||||||||||
| %a | OR | 95% CI | %a | OR | 95% CI | %a | OR | 95% CI | %a | OR | 95% CI | |
| Parent | Mother in the model (n = 582) | Father in the model (n = 357) | Mother in the model (n = 125) | Father in the model (n = 98) | ||||||||
| Step counts | ||||||||||||
| < 10,000 steps/day | 38.7 | Ref. | 43.8 | Ref. | 27.6 | Ref. | 33.3 | Ref. | ||||
| ≥ 10,000 steps/day | 67.1 | 3.50*** | 2.29–5.34 | 68.0 | 2.41** | 1.37–4.26 | 47.6 | 2.98* | 1.16–7.65 | 57.8 | 1.29 | 0.42–3.91 |
| Screen time | ||||||||||||
| < 2 h per day | 53.2 | Ref. | 59.2 | Ref. | 45.8 | Ref. | 48.1 | Ref. | ||||
| ≥ 2 h per day | 50.8 | 0.98 | 0.59–1.65 | 52.7 | 0.99 | 0.56–1.78 | 15.8 | 0.14** | 0.03–0.59 | 37.5 | 0.38 | 0.10–1.34 |
| Weight status | ||||||||||||
| Normal weight | 52.9 | Ref. | 65.1 | Ref. | 32.9 | Ref. | 58.1 | Ref. | ||||
| Overweight/obesity | 49.2 | 1.02 | 0.62–1.66 | 50.0 | 0.50* | 0.28–0.89 | 35.5 | 1.09 | 0.43–2.77 | 37.0 | 0.42 | 0.13–1.34 |
| Organized PA | ||||||||||||
| No | 49.7 | Ref. | 54.9 | Ref. | 35.8 | Ref. | 51.6 | Ref. | ||||
| Yes (≥1× per week) | 56.0 | 1.10 | 0.71–1.71 | 56.1 | 0.62 | 0.34–1.12 | 34.1 | 0.53 | 0.17–1.62 | 39.3 | 0.46 | 0.13–1.65 |
| Children | ||||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Boys | 48.2 | Ref. | 52.3 | Ref. | 29.8 | Ref. | 35.6 | Ref. | ||||
| Girls | 54.2 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.77 | 57.8 | 0.86 | 0.50–1.50 | 41.9 | 3.17* | 1.22–8.26 | 53.1 | 3.82* | 1.05–13.91 |
| School grade | ||||||||||||
| Preschool | 55.1 | Ref. | 61.1 | Ref. | 42.9 | Ref. | 66.7 | Ref. | ||||
| 1st-3rd grade | 48.4 | 0.80 | 0.46–1.41 | 52.7 | 0.60 | 0.29–1.24 | 33.8 | 0.23 | 0.05–1.16 | 38.3 | 0.31 | 0.06–1.68 |
| 4th–5th grade | 51.7 | 0.95 | 0.58–1.56 | 53.4 | 0.72 | 0.38–1.37 | 33.1 | 0.32 | 0.07–1.42 | 41.3 | 0.70 | 0.13–3.72 |
| Entertainment ST | ||||||||||||
| Non-excessive | 55.2 | Ref. | 58.4 | Ref. | 44.3 | Ref. | 47.7 | Ref. | ||||
| Excessive | 46.6 | 0.75 | 0.45–1.23 | 48.6 | 0.55 | 0.29–1.05 | 24.4 | 0.29 | 0.07–1.17 | 37.9 | 0.80 | 0.22–2.85 |
| Organized PA | ||||||||||||
| No | 41.8 | Ref. | 43.4 | Ref. | 27.9 | Ref. | 45.2 | Ref. | ||||
| Yes (≥1× per week) | 57.6 | 1.80* | 1.13–2.87 | 61.5 | 2.85*** | 1.54–5.27 | 41.7 | 2.37 | 0.88–6.40 | 50.0 | 1.99 | 0.64–6.22 |
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.15*** | 0.17*** | 0.37*** | 0.27*** | ||||||||
The models were adjusted for age category and gender of children
Organized PA – structured/organized leisure-time physical activity (e.g. sports training) does not include lessons of physical education during school/kindergarten time
Entertainment ST – sitting/lying while watching TV and sitting/lying in front of a PC (notebook, tablet, or smartphone) and not for school/work purposes (Excessive – more than 1 h/day for preschool children and more than 2 h/day for school-aged children; Non-excessive – less than the excessive amount)
%a proportion of children (daughters, sons) who met the pedometer-based recommendation for daily step counts (a value of 11,500 steps/day for preschool children and a value of 13,000 steps/day for school-aged boys and 11,000 steps/day for school-aged girls) in the given area
OR odds ratio, 95% CI confidence interval, Ref. reference group, R2 Nagelkerke coefficient of determination, logistic model, Enter method
The statistical significance is expressed as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001