Table 3.
Evaluation of functioning of the tutorial group and tutor functioning: descriptive statistics and results of Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney tests for different locations
|
M (SD) Maastricht |
M (SD) Kaunas |
M (SD) Graz |
KW | MW Maastricht-Kaunas |
MW Graz-Maastricht |
MW Graz-Kaunas |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scales | H (p) | U (p) | U (p) | U (p) | |||
| Functioning of tutorial group | |||||||
| Elaboration | 3.44 (0.68) | 3.70 (0.45) | 4.58 (0.66) | 6.61 (.03) | |||
| Interaction | 3.00 (0.59) | 3.47 (0.38) | 4.39 (0.53) | 11.34 (.0005) | 10.50 (.17) | 1.00 (.0013) | 2.00 (.02) |
| Motivation | 3.31 (0.88) | 2.90 (1.19) | 4.50 (0.55) | 7.67 (.01) | |||
| Sponging | 2.75 (0.76) | 3.50 (0.71) | 1.58 (0.66) | 10.90 (.001) | 9.50 (.13) | 5.50 (.0097) | .00 (.0043) |
| Cohesion_item 1 | 4.38 (0.52) | 3.80 (0.45) | 4.50 (0.84) | 3.94 (.14) | |||
| Cohesion_item 2 | 3.25 (1.28) | 3.40 (1.34) | 2.67 (1.63) | 0.86 (.68) | |||
| Withdrawing_item 1 | 4.00 (1.07) | 4.20 (0.84) | 2.50 (1.05) | 6.70 (.03) | |||
| Withdrawing_item 2 | 2.63 (0.74) | 2.80 (0.45) | 1.50 (0.55) | 9.31 (.0047) | 18.50 (.84) | 6.00 (.02) | 1.50 (.0087) |
| Tutor functioning | |||||||
| Stimulating constructive/active learning | 3.38 (1.16) | 3.47 (0.56) | 4.50 (0.41) | 7.50 (.02) | |||
| Stimulating self-directed learning | 3.13 (1.16) | 3.40 (0.65) | 3.92 (0.74) | 1.86 (.41) | |||
| Stimulating contextual learning | 3.00 (0.80) | 3.10 (0.82) | 4.33 (0.52) | 8.92 (.0064) | 18.50 (.84) | 4.00 (.0073) | 2.00 (.01) |
| Stimulating collaborative learning | 2.31 (1.16) | 3.40 (0.65) | 3.92 (0.80) | 6.93 (.02) | |||
| Motivation of the tutor | 3.38 (0.74) | 3.40 (0.55) | 4.50 (0.84) | 6.28 (.04) | |||
| Stimulating professional behavior | 2.63 (0.92) | 3.20 (0.84) | 4.33 (0.82) | 8.28 (.00832) | 13.00 (.36) | 4.00 (.0087) | 5.00 (.07) |