Table 3.
The associations among workplace environment, self-regulation for physical activity, and occupational physical activity among white-collar workers (Nj = 23, Ni = 547)
| Dependent: occupational physical activity at follow-up | Model 1 Unconditional model |
Model 2 Crude random slope model |
Model 3 Crude interaction model |
Model 4 Employee-level adjusted modela |
Model 5 Worksite-level adjusted modelb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | |
| Employee-level | |||||
| Self-regulation for physical activity (γ10) | – | 0.23 (0.18) | 0.13 (0.14) | 0.11 (0.16) | 0.11 (0.16) |
| Worksite-level | |||||
| Workplace environment | |||||
| Parking/Bike (γ01) | – | −0.84 (1.33) | −0.83 (1.33) | −0.81 (1.20) | −1.02 (1.41) |
| Signs/Bulletin boards/Advertisements (γ02) | – | −0.50 (1.32) | −0.49 (1.31) | −0.17 (1.21) | 0.70 (0.51) |
| Stairs/Elevator (γ03) | – | 0.16 (2.49) | 0.12 (2.50) | 0.28 (2.05) | 3.80 (1.80)* |
| Physical activity/Fitness facilities (γ04) | – | 1.68 (1.48) | 1.68 (1.48) | 1.46 (1.22) | 4.98 (1.09)** |
| Work rules (γ05) | – | 0.34 (2.32) | 0.38 (2.39) | 0.12 (2.24) | −1.25 (1.50) |
| Written policies (γ06) | – | −0.92 (0.87) | −0.89 (0.85) | −0.81 (0.83) | 2.10 (1.02)* |
| Health promotion programs (γ07) | – | −0.52 (0.31) | −0.53 (0.31) | −0.53 (0.29) | −0.01 (0.16) |
| Interaction effects | |||||
| Parking × self-regulation (γ11) | – | – | −0.41 (0.21)* | −0.42 (0.20)* | −0.43 (0.20)* |
| Signs × self-regulation (γ12) | – | – | 0.19 (0.18) | 0.24 (0.16) | 0.25 (0.16) |
| Stairs × self-regulation (γ13) | – | – | 0.42 (0.37) | 0.34 (0.32) | 0.35 (0.33) |
| Fitness × self-regulation (γ14) | – | – | 0.07 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.09) |
| Rules × self-regulation (γ15) | – | – | 0.04 (0.32) | 0.01 (0.33) | 0.00 (0.32) |
| Policies × self-regulation (γ16) | – | – | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.10) |
| Programs × self-regulation (γ17) | – | – | −0.10 (0.07) | −0.11 (0.08) | −0.12 (0.08) |
| Intercept (γ00) | 3.90 (1.54)* | 3.26 (1.08)** | 3.27 (1.08)** | 2.87 (0.98)** | 7.07 (1.71)** |
| Random intercept (τ00) | 31.88 (26.72) | 21.48 (12.45) | 21.60 (12.37) | 16.55 (13.65) | 0.10 (1.39) |
| Random slope: self-regulation (τ11) | – | 0.40 (0.34) | 0.21 (0.11) | 0.24 (0.09)** | 0.25 (0.09)** |
| Residual variance (eij) | 289.41 (145.74)* | 261.85 (133.85) | 261.64 (133.62) | 180.65 (99.80) | 178.26 (96.23) |
| AIC | 22,792.08 | 18,780.05 | 18,786.13 | 18,646.91 | 18,629.98 |
Nj the number of worksites, Ni the number of employees. CI confidence interval, AIC Akaike information criteria. Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation (FIML) was used using Mplus 7.4. aAdjusted by self-efficacy for physical activity, gender, age, employment status, occupational status, working hours, job strain, and occupational physical activity at baseline. bAdjusted by employee-level covariates, worksite size, and worksite location. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.