Table 4.
The associations among workplace environment, self-regulation for physical activity, and transport-related physical activity among white-collar workers (Nj = 23, Ni = 547)
| Dependent: transport-related physical activity at follow-up | Model 1 Unconditional model |
Model 2 Crude random slope model |
Model 3 Crude interaction model |
Model 4 Employee-level adjusted modela |
Model 5 Worksite-level adjusted modelb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | |
| Employee-level | |||||
| Self-regulation for physical activity (γ10) | – | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.02)** | −0.00 (0.06) | −0.00 (0.06) |
| Worksite-level | |||||
| Workplace environment | |||||
| Parking/Bike (γ01) | – | −2.98 (1.14)** | −3.00 (1.14)** | −2.48 (1.18)* | −0.61 (0.98) |
| Signs/Bulletin boards/Advertisements (γ02) | – | −1.00 (0.98) | −0.97 (0.98) | −0.82 (1.01) | 0.59 (0.80) |
| Stairs/Elevator (γ03) | – | 3.95 (1.96)* | 3.93 (1.95)* | 3.32 (1.96) | 2.80 (2.01) |
| Physical activity/Fitness facilities (γ04) | – | −1.10 (0.64) | −1.11 (0.64) | −0.95 (0.70) | −0.39 (0.88) |
| Work rules (γ05) | – | −7.21 (1.97)** | −7.21 (1.97)** | −6.87 (1.94)** | −1.50 (2.89) |
| Written policies (γ06) | – | −1.44 (0.63)* | −1.47 (0.63)* | −1.34 (0.65)* | −0.72 (1.13) |
| Health promotion programs (γ07) | – | −0.03 (0.35) | −0.02 (0.35) | −0.01 (0.30) | −0.60 (0.25)* |
| Interaction effects | |||||
| Parking × self-regulation (γ11) | – | – | −0.01 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) |
| Signs × self-regulation (γ12) | – | – | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.05) |
| Stairs × self-regulation (γ13) | – | – | −0.00 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.10) | −0.00 (0.11) |
| Fitness × self-regulation (γ14) | – | – | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03)* | 0.06 (0.03)* |
| Rules × self-regulation (γ15) | – | – | 0.15 (0.07)* | 0.26 (0.12)* | 0.28 (0.12)* |
| Policies × self-regulation (γ16) | – | – | 0.06 (0.01)** | 0.04 (0.01)* | 0.04 (0.01)* |
| Programs × self-regulation (γ17) | – | – | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.01) |
| Intercept (γ00) | 8.48 (1.21)** | 10.12 (0.97)** | 10.12 (0.98)** | 9.37 (1.43)** | 11.32 (2.05)** |
| Random intercept (τ00) | 23.19 (6.85)** | 11.19 (6.22) | 11.20 (6.23) | 12.53 (5.98)* | 0.22 (1.28) |
| Random slope: self-regulation (τ11) | – | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Residual variance (eij) | 103.26 (14.10)** | 101.92 (13.89)** | 101.29 (13.65)** | 80.41 (12.20)** | 81.84 (10.47)** |
| AIC | 22,230.67 | 18,227.64 | 18,238.37 | 18.160.32 | 18,150.18 |
Nj the number of worksites, Ni the number of employees. CI confidence interval, AIC Akaike information criteria. Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation (FIML) was used using Mplus 7.4. aAdjusted by self-efficacy for physical activity, gender, age, employment status, occupational status, working hours, job strain, and transport-related physical activity at baseline. bAdjusted by employee-level covariates, worksite size, and worksite location. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.