Fig. 5.

Evolution of the total amount of Li. a Operando NDP for five plating/stripping cycles at 2 mA cm^–2 followed by five cycles at 0.5 mA cm⁻² and for five plating/stripping cycles at 0.5 mA cm⁻² followed by two cycles at 0.5 mA cm⁻² all up to 1 mAh cm⁻² plating capacity. The depth is measured starting from the interface of the Cu current collector with the electrolyte/SEI/Li-metal. b Integrated amount of Li from the operando NDP experiments in a. c Coulombic efficiency and Li efficiency during the cycling