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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2018 Feb 7;50:83–91. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.01.011

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Adaptive optical microscopy using direct wavefront sensing. (a) Two-photon fluorescence microscope using a Shack–Hartmann (SH) sensor. PMT, photomultiplier tube. (b) A wavefront is incident on a SH wavefront sensor, where an array of lenslets focus the light into a 2D array of foci onto a camera. The local slopes of wavefront segments can be measured from the displacements of the foci relative to their aberration-free positions. (c) Two-photon in vivo imaging of zebrafish larval brain obtained without and with AO correction [12••]. (d) Two-photon in vivo imaging of dendritic spines in the mouse brain obtained without and with AO correction (left), and SH sensor image with its corresponding corrective wavefront (right) [13••].