Table 1.
Antigens and genotype | Life-cycle stage | Rationale | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-erythrocytic (PE) | ||||
CelTOS | Sporozoite | Exposure to sporozoite | [31, 32] | |
CSP full length* | Sporozoite | Exposure to sporozoite and RTS,S specific | [30, 33] | |
CSP NANP repeat* | GST-fused | Sporozoite | Exposure to sporozoite and RTS,S specific | [35] |
CSP C-terminus* | GST-fused | Sporozoite | Exposure to sporozoite | [36] |
SSP2 or TRAP | Sporozoite | Representative of exposure to sporozoite | [34, 37] | |
Liver stage | ||||
LSA-1* | Liver stage | Liver stage antigen—infected hepatocytes | [38, 39] | |
Blood stage (BS) | ||||
AMA-1 3D7 (FMP2.1)* | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [40, 41] | |
AMA-1 FVO (FMP009) | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [41] | |
CyRPA full length | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [42] | |
EBA-140 | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [43] |
EBA-175 R2 PfF2 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [44] | |
EBA-175 R3–5* | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [43] |
EXP-1 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [45] | |
MSP-1 Block 2 3D7* | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [46] |
MSP-1 Block 2 hybrid | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [47] |
MSP-1 Block 2 MAD20 | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [46] |
MSP-1 Block 2 PA17 | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [46] |
MSP-1 Block 2 RO33 | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [46] |
MSP-1 Block 2 Well | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [46] |
MSP-142 3D7* | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [41, 48] | |
MSP-142 FVO | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [41, 48] | |
MSP-2 full length B* | GST-fused | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [49] |
MSP-2 full length A* | GST-fused | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [49] |
MSP-3 3C | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [49] | |
MSP-3 3D7* | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [50] | |
MSP-5 | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [51, 52] | |
MSP-6* | GST-fused | Merozoite | Representative of exposure to BS | [53] |
P41 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [54] | |
RH1 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [55] | |
RH2 (2030) | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [56] |
RH2 b240 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [57] | |
RH4.2 | GST-fused | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [58, 59] |
RH4.9* | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [58, 59] | |
RH5 | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [42, 60] | |
PTRAMP | Merozoite | Involved in erythrocyte invasion | [61] | |
DBL-α | Trophozoite | Involved in cytoadherence | [62] | |
Pregnancy-specific | ||||
DBL1-DBL2 VAR2CSA | Trophozoite | Associated to placental malaria exposure and representative of maternally-transferred antibodies | [63] | |
DBL3-DBL4 VAR2CSA* | Trophozoite | [64] | ||
Other antigens | ||||
HBsAg* | NA | Hepatitis B surface antigen | ||
α-Gal | Involved in malaria protection | [30] | ||
Controls | ||||
GST* | Background | Control fusion protein | ||
BSA* | Background | Control unspecific binding |
* Recombinant proteins used for the experimental assessment of the optimal temperature and time of samples incubation in the IgG assays. MSP-2 A corresponds to the CH150 strain and MSP-2 B to the Dd2 strain