Table 3.
Regression model of infant mortality, Indigenous children
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | (95% CI) | p-value | RR | (95% CI) | p-value | RR | (95% CI) | p-value | RR | (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Maternal corrections history | ||||||||||||
| Prison (before pregnancy*) | 1.83 | (1.36–2.47) | <.001 | 1.99 | (1.49–2.67) | <.001 | 2.03 | (1.51–2.71) | <.001 | 2.10 | (1.57–2.81) | <.001 |
| Prison (during pregnancy) | 2.55 | (1.69–3.86) | <.001 | 2.96 | (1.98–4.43) | <.001 | 3.01 | (2.01–4.51) | <.001 | 3.10 | (2.07–4.64) | <.001 |
| Prison (after birth only) | 1.55 | (1.18–2.03) | 0.001 | 1.64 | (1.25–2.14) | <.001 | 1.67 | (1.28–2.18) | <.001 | 1.73 | (1.32–2.25) | <.001 |
| Community-only | 1.38 | (1.07–1.77) | 0.012 | 1.41 | (1.10–1.81) | 0.007 | 1.42 | (1.11–1.83) | 0.006 | 1.45 | (1.13–1.87) | 0.003 |
| No corrections history | ref. | |||||||||||
| Demographic factors | ||||||||||||
| Birth year | 0.96 | (0.95–0.97) | <.001 | 0.96 | (0.95–0.98) | <.001 | 0.96 | (0.95–0.98) | <.001 | 0.97 | (0.95–0.98) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 1.21 | (1.01–1.47) | 0.044 | 1.22 | (1.01–1.47) | 0.039 | 1.22 | (1.01–1.47) | 0.038 | 1.22 | (1.01–1.48) | 0.036 |
| Female | ref. | |||||||||||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||||||
| Very low (0–5%) | 2.11 | (1.35–3.31) | 0.001 | 2.08 | (1.33–3.27) | 0.001 | 2.1 | (1.34–3.30) | 0.001 | 2.11 | (1.34–3.31) | 0.001 |
| Low (6–25%) | 1.88 | (1.21–2.91) | 0.005 | 1.86 | (1.20–2.88) | 0.006 | 1.87 | (1.20–2.89) | 0.005 | 1.91 | (1.23–2.96) | 0.004 |
| Medium (26–50%) | 1.75 | (1.10–2.80) | 0.018 | 1.74 | (1.09–2.78) | 0.02 | 1.75 | (1.10–2.79) | 0.019 | 1.78 | (1.11–2.83) | 0.016 |
| High (51–100%) | ref. | |||||||||||
| Baseline pregnancy risk factors | ||||||||||||
| Multiple gestation | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 2.29 | (1.51–3.46) | <.001 | 2.37 | (1.57–3.59) | <.001 | 2.58 | (1.71–3.88) | <.001 | |||
| No | ref. | |||||||||||
| Birth spacing | ||||||||||||
| < 18 months | 1.52 | (1.19–1.93) | 0.001 | 1.57 | (1.24–2.00) | <.001 | 1.60 | (1.26–2.03) | <.001 | |||
| Firstborn/18 months+ | ref. | |||||||||||
| Pregnancy complications | ||||||||||||
| Abruptio placentae and other disordersa | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 2.85 | (1.46–5.59) | 0.002 | 2.92 | (1.49–5.72) | 0.002 | ||||||
| No | ref. | |||||||||||
| Premature rupture of membranes | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.66 | (1.18–2.35) | 0.004 | 1.67 | (1.18–2.37) | 0.003 | ||||||
| No | ref. | |||||||||||
| Other maternal factors/exposures in pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Substance use related service contact | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.71 | (1.02–2.87) | 0.042 | |||||||||
| No | ref. | |||||||||||
| External injury related hospitalisation | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.20 | (0.86–1.68) | 0.283 | |||||||||
| No | ref. | |||||||||||
| Sibling with Child Protection contact | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.57 | (1.07–2.31) | 0.022 | |||||||||
| Firstborn/No | ref. | |||||||||||
| Observations | 25,875 | 25,875 | 25,875 | 265,875 | ||||||||
| AIC | 0.1640 | 0.1642 | 0.1646 | 0.1656 | ||||||||
*Prison before, but not during, pregnancy
aExcludes placenta previa