ASM-only solutions, without the airway wall. A length-controlled protocol of isometric contraction was followed by a period of 1% length oscillations at 0.33 Hz, and then increased length oscillations at 4%. (A and B) Shown are the bulk observables of force, stiffness, and phosphorylation for DM and MoC, respectively. (C and D) Breakdown of the state-population transitions for the DM and MoC models, respectively.