Figure 5.

Effect of osmotic challenge on the force of membrane tether formation. (A) Representative traces of AFM retraction force curves for cells exposed to an osmotic challenge with an inset of a representative force discontinuity (used to obtain the tether force). (B) Histograms of membrane tether forces measured in cells exposed to isotonic (left) and hypotonic (right) solutions. (C) Mean membrane tether forces of cells exposed to isotonic and hypotonic solutions with and without exposure to lat-A (1 μM for 10 min). (D) Time dependence of membrane tether force measurements for cells exposed first to isotonic and then hypotonic solutions. (E) Time-averaged tether force measurements, with the first data point being an average for all cells in isotonic media, and subsequent data points representing cells in hypotonic medium averaged every 10 min (asterisks denote statistically significant difference (n = 15–60 cells; p < 0.05) between lat-A-treated and untreated cells). To see this figure in color, go online.