Supplementary Figure S5.

Apoptosis and ER-stress in EndoC-βH1 cells. A) Cytokine induced apoptosis measured by caspase 3/7 activity assay after 24h treatment. The cytokine mixture (CytMix) consists of 1 ng/ml IL-1β, 20 ng/ml IFNγ and 20 ng/ml TNFα and were applied for 24 h 0.5 μM Staurosporine (STA) was used as positive control. 1 mM NMMA and 5 μM zVAD–FMK as partial and complete inhibitors of apoptosis, respectively; n = 12. Data are shown as fold change of CytMix and are means + SEM; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; B) Caspase 3/7 activity measured in EndoC-βH1 cells treated for 72h with 20 mM glucose and increasing amount of palmitate (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 mM); 20 μM zVAD is used as positive control; n = 5. Data are shown as mean + SEM; P-values determined by unpaired One Way ANOVA and Student's t-test. The * symbol illustrates significant difference from non-treated control cells, *∼p < 0.05; **∼p < 0.01; C) Tunicamycin induced ER-stress in EndoC-βH1 cells. Expression (mRNA) of the genes HSPA4, DDIT3 and spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) associated with ER-stress in human beta cells, as well as insulin, are presented as fold change relative to levels in non-treated control cells; n = 3. Data are normalized to TBP and shown as mean + SEM.