Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of risk factors with T. gondii seropositivity in goats at animal level (n = 410).
| Variables | Category | Number tested | Positive (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Haramaya | 121 | 22 (18.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| Gursum | 176 | 61 (34.7) | 2.39 (1.37–4.16) | 0.52 (0.20–1.36) | 0.185 | |
| Babille | 113 | 30 (26.6) | 1.63 (0.87–3.03) | 0.15 (0.05–0.48) | <0.001∗ | |
|
| ||||||
| Environment | Rural | 340 | 79 (23.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | — | — |
| Urban | 70 | 34 (48.6) | 3.12 (1.83–5.31) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Sex | Male | 93 | 16 (17.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | – |
| Female | 317 | 97 (30.6) | 2.12 (1.18–3.82) | 1.65 (0.86–3.18) | 0.134 | |
|
| ||||||
| Age | ≤1 year | 63 | 6 (9.5) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| >1 year | 347 | 107 (30.8) | 4.24 (1.77–10.12) | 3.45 (1.34–8.90) | 0.010∗ | |
|
| ||||||
| Breed | Hararghe highland | 29 | 5 (17.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| Long ear Somali | 349 | 95 (27.2) | 1.80 (0.67–4.84) | 1.10 (0.36–3.39) | 0.863 | |
| Undetermined | 32 | 13 (40.6) | 3.28 (0.99–10.84) | 2.77 (0.68–11.31) | 0.155 | |
|
| ||||||
| Flock size | Small | 324 | 95 (29.3) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| Large | 86 | 18 (20.9) | 0.64 (0.36–1.13) | 0.85 (0.45–1.60) | 0.607 | |
|
| ||||||
| Cats contact | No | 270 | 70 (25.9) | 1.00 (ref.) | — | — |
| Yes | 140 | 43 (30.7) | 1.27 (0.81–1.99) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||
| Water source | Mixed† | 188 | 29 (15.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| Pond‡ | 152 | 50 (32.9) | 2.69 (1.60–4.52) | 6.03 (2.42–15.05) | <0.001∗ | |
| Pipe water | 70 | 34 (48.6) | 5.18 (2.80–9.56) | 11.61 (4.35–30.95) | <0.001∗ | |
|
| ||||||
| House type | Pen | 27 | 5 (18.5) | 1.00 (ref.) | — | — |
| Both | 292 | 73 (25.0) | 1.47 (0.54–4.01) | — | — | |
| Fence | 91 | 35 (38.5) | 2.75 (0.95–7.93) | — | — | |
Mixed†: river, stream water, and well; Pond‡: stagnant water; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. ∗Significant.