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. 2018 May 20;2018:1679197. doi: 10.1155/2018/1679197

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Copyright © 2018 Hiroshi Keino et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Molecular mechanism underlying the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by murine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RPE cells constitutively express cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 2 alpha (CTLA-2α), a cathepsin L (CathL) inhibitor, which promotes the induction of Tregs. In addition, CD4⁺ T cells exposed to RPE cells predominantly express CD25 and Foxp3. CTLA-2α, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and retinoic acid promote the development of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Tregs by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in vitro. These Tregs produce high levels of TGF-β and suppress bystander T cells and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced by retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP).