Table 2.

The human genes that function in APP proteolysis and their Drosophila orthologues.

Human gene	Drosophila gene	Functions
Amyloid precursor protein (APP)	Appl	APP is an integral membrane protein containing an Aβ-like region that is cleaved by BACE1.
Amyloid precursor-like proteins (APLP1 and APLP2)		Sequence divergence at the internal Aβ site of APLP1 and APLP2 prevents cleavage by BACE1. The principal functions of APLP1 and APLP2 remain unknown.
Presenilin 1	Presenilin	The catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase enzyme complex, also required for lysosomal acidification.
Presenilin 2		Component of γ-secretase complex.
ADAM 10	Kuzbanian	A neuronal α-secretase that cleaves APP at the plasma membrane via nonamyloidogenic processing.
BACE1	Bace	β-secretase enzyme activity cleaves APP in early endosome and promotes amyloidogenic processing with Aβ production.
BACE2		β-secretase related to BACE1 that is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease.