Table 3.

Mean concentrations (± SD, n = 3), mean values of processing factors (PF) and reductions (%) of the pesticides in unprocessed rice samples, after washing and cooking

No.	Compounds	Unprocessed samples	Washing			Cooking
		Concentration (mg/kg) (mean ± SD)	Concentration (mg/kg) (mean ± SD)	PF	Reduction (% )	Concentration (mg/kg) (mean ± SD)	PF	Reduction (% )
1	Azinphos-ethyl	0.880 ( ± 0.071 )	0.755 ( ± 0.044 )*	0.86	14.2	0.096 ( ± 0.034 )	0.11	89.1
2	Bromacil	0.961 ( ± 0.029 )	0.649 ( ± 0.094 )	0.68	32.5	0.179 ( ± 0.016 )	0.19	81.4
3	Carbaryl	0.880 ( ± 0.031 )	0.668 ( ± 0.069 )	0.76	24.1	0.195 ( ± 0.018)	0.22	77.9
4	Carbofuran	0.905 ( ± 0.086 )	0.878 ( ± 0.058 )*	0.97	3.0	0.505 ( ± 0.081 )	0.56	44.2
5	Cartap	0.842 ( ± 0.034 )	0.540 ( ± 0.016 )	0.64	35.8	0.020 ( ± 0.064 )	0.02	97.6
6	Chlorbromuron	0.982 ( ± 0.017 )	0.603 ( ± 0.076 )	0.61	38.6	0.498 ( ± 0.083 )	0.51	49.2
7	Chlorfenvinphos	0.983 ( ± 0.047 )	0.637 ( ± 0.088 )	0.65	35.2	0.286 ( ± 0.048 )	0.29	71.0
8	Chlorpyrifos	0.855 ( ± 0.078 )	0.409 ( ± 0.038 )	0.48	52.2	0.163 ( ± 0.018 )	0.19	80.9
9	Cinosulfuron	0.904 ( ± 0.088 )	0.871 ( ± 0.061 )*	0.96	3.6	0.669 ( ± 0.031 )	0.74	26.0
10	Coumaphos	0.897 ( ± 0.030 )	0.837 ( ± 0.108 )*	0.93	6.7	0.711 ( ± 0.074 )	0.79	20.7
11	Dialifos	0.909 ( ± 0.049 )	0.551 ( ± 0.071 )	0.61	39.4	0.385 ( ± 0.039 )	0.42	57.6
12	Diazinon	0.982 ( ± 0.0.25 )	0.492 ( ± 0.060 )	0.50	49.9	0.557 ( ± 0.069 )	0.57	43.3
13	Dicrotophos	0.956 ( ± 0.062 )	0.242 ( ± 0.083 )	0.25	74.7	0.349 ( ± 0.038 )	0.37	63.5
14	Edifenphos	0.921 ( ± 0.078 )	0.648 ( ± 0.073 )	0.70	29.7	0.730 ( ± 0.045 )	0.79	20.7
15	Etrimfos	0.996 ( ± 0.017 )	0.957 ( ± 0.023 )*	0.96	3.9	0.499 ( ± 0.093 )	0.50	49.9
16	Fluometuron	0.903 ( ± 0.109 )	0.837 ( ± 0.050 )*	0.93	7.3	0.205 ( ± 0.084 )	0.23	77.3
17	Fuberidazole	0.890 ( ± 0.107 )	0.194 ( ± 0.075 )	0.22	78.2	0.119 ( ± 0.067 )	0.13	86.7
18	Iprobenfos	0.806 ( ± 0.042 )	0.476 ( ± 0.047 )	0.59	41.0	0.408 ( ± 0.091 )	0.51	49.3
19	Malathion	0.982 ( ± 0.031 )	0.864 ( ± 0.010 )	0.88	12.0	0.260 ( ± 0.004 )	0.26	73.6
20	Methabenzthiazuron	0.926 ( ± 0.082 )	0.468 ( ± 0.086 )	0.51	49.5	0.331 ( ± 0.087 )	0.36	64.3
21	Methidathion	0.958 ( ± 0.065 )	0.641 ( ± 0.067 )	0.67	33.1	0.242 ( ± 0.047 )	0.25	74.7
22	Monocrotophos	0.767 ( ± 0.024 )	0.562 ( ± 0.091 )	0.73	26.7	0.350 ( ± 0.027 )	0.46	54.4
23	Omethoate	0.783 ( ± 0.098 )	0.284 ( ± 0.048 )	0.36	63.7	0.339 ( ± 0.029 )	0.43	56.7
24	Oxadiazon	0.979 ( ± 0.089 )	0.117 ( ± 0.115 )	0.12	88.1	0.216 ( ± 0.060 )	0.22	77.9
25	Oxydemeton-methyl	0.793 ( ± 0.035 )	0.183 ( ± 0.061 )	0.23	76.9	<LOQ	0.00	99.0
26	Phosphamidon	0.911 ( ± 0.035 )	0.677 ( ± 0.082 )	0.74	25.7	0.474 ( ± 0.053 )	0.52	48.0
27	Phoxim	1.012 ( ± 0.074 )	0.615 ( ± 0.030 )	0.61	39.2	0.722 ( ± 0.034 )	0.71	28.6
28	Primiphos-methyl	1.019 ( ± 0.109 )	0.793 ( ± 0.097 )*	0.78	22.1	0.139 ( ± 0.056 )	0.14	86.4
29	Propiconazole	0.935 ( ± 0.092 )	0.064 ( ± 0.041 )	0.07	87.1	0.432 ( ± 0.096 )	0.46	53.8
30	Propoxur	0.885 ( ± 0.021 )	0.586 ( ± 0.092 )	0.66	33.7	0.202 ( ± 0.009 )	0.23	77.2
31	Pyrazophos	0.910 ( ± 0.014 )	0.416 ( ± 0.007 )	0.46	54.3	0.502 ( ± 0.036 )	0.55	44.8
32	Spinosyn A	1.110 ( ± 0.057 )	0.586 ( ± 0.043 )	0.53	47.2	0.344 ( ± 0.070 )	0.31	69.0
33	Spinosyn D	0.975 ( ± 0.064 )	0.413 ( ± 0.103 )	0.42	57.6	0.226 ( ± 0.087 )	0.23	76.9
34	TCMTB	0.905 ( ± 0.007 )	0.213 ( ± 0.021 )	0.24	76.5	0.067 ( ± 0.041 )	0.07	92.6
35	Thiobencarb	0.990 ( ± 0.042 )	0.300 ( ± 0.002 )	0.30	69.7	0.505 ( ± 0.036 )	0.51	49.0
36	Thiophanate-methyl	1.000 ( ± 0.028 )	0.241 ( ± 0.024 )	0.24	75.9	0.299 ( ± 0.057)	0.30	70.1
37	Triadimenol	0.912 ( ± 0.054 )	0.462 ( ± 0.036 )	0.51	49.3	0.258 ( ± 0.061 )	0.28	71.7
38	Triallate	0.800 ( ± 0.028 )	0.491 ( ± 0.096 )	0.61	38.6	0.279 ( ± 0.013 )	0.35	65.1
39	Triazophos	0.850 ( ± 0.014 )	0.223 ( ± 0.005 )	0.26	73.8	0.359 ( ± 0.090 )	0.42	57.8
40	Tricyclazole	0.835 ( ± 0.021 )	0.229 ( ± 0.044 )	0.27	60.6	0.409 ( ± 0.041 )	0.49	51.1
41	Triflumizole	1.001 ( ± 0.028 )	0.357 ( ± 0.040 )	0.36	64.3	0.484 ( ± 0.093 )	0.48	51.6

^*Values are not significantly different (p > 0.05).