Table 1.
Phytochemical composition from eight representative members of Nymphaea.
| Nymphaea spp. | Natural Product | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| N. alba | cyanidin 3-(6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure.1 Gi); delphinidin 3-(2”-galloyl-6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure.1 Gii); delphinidin 3-(6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure.1 Giii); cyanidin 3-(2”-galloyl-6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure.1 Giv); delphinidin 3-(2”-galloylgalactoside) (Figure.1 Gv); delphinidin 3-galactoside (Figure.1 Gvi); cyanidin 3-galactoside (Figure.1 Gvii) | (19) |
| N. ampla | 7,3’4’-trihydroxy-5-O-β-D-(2”-acetyl)-xylopyranosylisoflavone (Figure 1 Ai); 7,3’,4’-trihydroxy-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylisoflavone (Figure 1 Aii); quercetin 3-rhamnoside (Figure.1 Bii); quercetin 3-xylopyranoside (Figure 1 Biii); quercetin 3-glucopyranoside (Figure 1 Biv); methyl gallate (Figure.1 C) | (23) |
| N. elegans | quercetin 3-rhamnoside (Figure 1 Bii); β-sitosterol (Figure 1 Fi); β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Figure 1 Fii) | (23) |
| N. gracilis | methyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolate, (E) 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolate (Figure 1 Dii); 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolate (Figure 1 E); β-sitosterol (Figure 1 Fi); β- sitosteryl -3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Figure 1 Fii). | (23) |
| N. lotus | myricitrin (Figure 1 I); 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-D-glucose (Figure 1 L); nympholide A (Figure 1 J); nympholide B (Figure 1 K); myricetin-3’-O-(6”-p-coumaroyl)glucoside (Figure 1 M). |
(16,21) |
| N. pulchella | 7,3’4’-trihydroxy-5-O-β-D-(2”-acetyl)-xylopyranosylisoflavone (Figure 1 Ai); 7,3’,4’-trihydroxy-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylisoflavone (Figure 1 Aii); kaempferol 3-rhamnopyranoside (Figure 1 Bi); β-sitosterol (Figure 1 Fi); β- sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Figure 1 Fii) | (23) |
| N. x marliacea | myricetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)β-D-galactopyranoside (Figure 1 H); delphinidin 3-(2”-galloyl-6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Gii); delphinidin 3-(6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Giii); delphinidin 3-galactoside (Figure 1 Gvi) | (22) |
| N. x marliacea var. Escarboucle | delphinidin 3-(2”-galloyl-6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Gii); delphinidin 3-(6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Giii); cyanidin 3-(2”-galloyl-6”-acetylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Giv); delphinidin 3-(2”-galloylgalactoside) (Figure 1 Gv); delphinidin 3-galactoside (Figure 1 Gvi) | (22) |
Despite extensive phytochemical studies and popular use of N. lotus for sedative effects there has been limited pharmacological assessment. Based on local use of crude extract of N. lotus, the present study evaluated this species for anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects as well as investigating possible neural mechanisms.