Table 1.
Summary of IFN-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) correlations with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases.
| Disease | Observation | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | First description of anti-IFI16 antibodies in the sera SLE patients | (159) |
| Presence of anti-IFI16 antibodies detected by SEREX in the sera of SLE patients | (43) | |
| Increased expression of IFI16 in the skin of SLE patients and detection of anti-IFI16 antibodies by ELISA | (41) | |
| Increased IFI16 mRNA levels in leukocytes from SLE patients | (55) | |
| IFI16 overexpression and redistribution in the skin of SLE patients | (104) | |
| High significant levels of circulating IFI16 protein in the sera of SLE patients | (155) | |
| High serum titers of anti-IFI16 antibodies inversely correlated with proteinuria and C3 hypocomplementemia | (158) | |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | Presence of anti-IFI16 antibodies detected by SEREX in the sera of Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS) patients | (43) |
| Significant levels of circulating IFI16 protein in the sera of SjS patients | (155) | |
| De novo expression of IFI16 in ductal and acinar epithelial cells in salivary glands | (39) | |
| High serum titers of IFI16 antibodies against an epitope outside the N-terminus of the protein | (160) | |
| Systemic sclerosis | Presence of anti-IFI16 antibodies detected by SEREX in the sera of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients | (43) |
| Increased expression of IFI16 in the skin of SSc patients and detection of anti-IFI16 antibodies by ELISA | (41) | |
| Anti-IFI16 antibodies associated with the limited cutaneous form of the disease in patients negative for the classical serological markers | (161) | |
| Significant levels of circulating IFI16 protein in the sera of SSc patients | (155) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Presence of anti-IFI16 antibodies detected by SEREX in the sera of RA patients | (43) |
| High levels of circulating IFI16 protein in the sera of RA patients | (155) | |
| Increased levels of both anti-IFI16 antibodies and circulating IFI16 in the sera of RA patients, IFI16 protein correlating with RA-related pulmonary disease | (157) | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | De novo overexpression of IFI16 in colonic epithelial cells of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients | (153, 154) |
| Detection of anti-IFI16 antibodies by ELISA in the sera of IBD patients | (153) | |
| Psoriasis | IFI16 upregulation in psoriatic skin lesions, with cytoplasmic localization | (44) |
| IFI16 upregulation in keratinocytes is induced by psoriasis-related cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-22 | (45) | |