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. 2018 Jan 13;56(3):220–227. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0092

Table 2. Subjective sleepiness prior napping (pre KSS), after napping (post KSS) and the difference between the pre- and the post KSS (KSS Change) in the Naps and Naps + RT (relaxation techniques) conditions.

Naps Naps + RT
Pre KSS 4.70 ± 1.19 3.81 ± 1.26*
Post KSS 4.47 ± 1.70 3.45 ± 1.40*
KSS Change −0.21 ± 1.99 −0.36 ± 1.88

The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale is scored as follows: 1. Extremely alert, 2. Very alert, 3. Alert, 4. Rather alert, 5. Neither alert nor sleepy, 6. Some signs of sleepiness, 7. Sleepy, but no difficulty remaining awake, 8. Sleepy, some effort to keep alert, 9. Extremely sleepy, fighting sleep. 1 to 6 are usually referred as active states, 7 to 9 as sleepy states.

*p<0.05 (For a comparison between the two conditions).