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. 2018 May 28;9:1078. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01078

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Copyright © 2018 Lee, Shin, Lee, Kang, Kim, Lee, Choi, Webster and Kang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simultaneous administration of MIS416 and human adult stem cells, including umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) enhances therapeutic effects of the cells against experimental colitis. Mice were exposed to 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water for 7 days and injected intraperitoneally hUCB-MSCs at day 1, and MIS416 at day 1 and 8 through retro-orbital route. (A) Scheme for the experimental design. (B) Survival rates of the mice were monitored. (C) Changes in body weights were measured daily. (D) Disease activity index for colitis severity. (E) On day 11, colon length of mice was measured by gross examination. n = 10–22 mice per group, three independent animal experiments were performed. (−): negative control group, (+): DSS administered group, U: hUCB-MSCs-treated group, M: MIS416-treated group, U + M: hUCB-MSCs and MIS416 co-treated group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM.