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. 2018 May 28;9:538. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00538

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Copyright © 2018 Karabelas, Gsell, Augustin, Marx, Neic, Prassl, Goubergrits, Kuehne and Plank.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Invasive clinical recordings from cases 28-Pre and 44-Pre. Top: Recorded aortic pressure P_ao (black curve) and recorded LV pressure P_LV (blue curve). Marked with dashed lines are Systolic pressure P_sys, mean arterial pressure MAP, and diastolic pressure P_dia; Center: Volume change in the LV, V_LV, in red ranging from end-diastolic volume EDV to end-systolic volume ESV. Bottom: LV flow Q_LV in orange with marked peak flow Q_peak. (B) Comparison of EM simulations and clinical data. Upper part shows a comparison of the LV model in end-diastolic (colored opaquley blue) and end-systolic configuration (colored by displacement). Lower part shows comparison of clinical (colored blue) and simulated PV loops (colored red). The dashed orange curve shows the ideal Klotz curve, while the green curve shows the simulated Klotz curve, with volume of stress-free unloaded configuration marked as V₀.