Figure 1.
Effect of AuNPs on PDGF-induced VSMC migration.
Notes: The upper chamber, with VSMCs added in the presence of the indicated AuNPs or their corresponding vehicle ddH2O in (A) and 0.1 mg/mL citrate in (B), was assembled with the lower chamber filled with medium in the presence of vehicle, PDGF (10 ng/mL), and/or the indicated AuNPs. After incubation for 3 hours, VSMCs that had migrated to the underside of the filter membrane were photographed (left panels) and counted in HPF (magnification, 100×) under a phase-contrast light microscope (right panels). The results shown are representative of three to five independent experiments. **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 versus PDGF+vehicle. Scale bar =100 μm.
Abbreviations: 3-EG AuNPs, 1-mercapto-(triethylene glycol)methyl ether functionalized AuNPs; 4-EG AuNPs, (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethyleneglycol) functionalized AuNPs; AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; HPF, high-power field; pAuNPs, physically synthesized gold nanoparticles; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; std AuNPs, standard unconjugated AuNPs; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; NS, nonsignificant; veh, vehicle.