Table 4.
Univariate regression analysis for patients with delirium <65 years
| Variables associated with delirium in patients ≥65 years | p-value | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) | <0.001 | 1.046 | 1.026–1.066 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | NS | 1.005 | 0.98–1.031 |
| Male gender, n (%) | NS | 1.123 | 0.885–1.425 |
| Smoking, n (%) | NS | 0.971 | 0.739–1.276 |
| Smoking (years) | NS | 1.006 | 0.985–1.0128 |
| BMI | |||
| Normal | NS | 0.982 | 0.713–1.354 |
| Overweight | NS | 1.177 | 0.867–1.598 |
| Obese | NS | 1.018 | 0.739–1.403 |
| Case priority | |||
| Planned | NS | 0.837 | 0.518–1.351 |
| Urgent | NS | 0.960 | 0.727–1.267 |
| Emergency | NS | 1.195 | 0.740–1.929 |
| EF% | |||
| ≥50% | 0.001 | 0.497 | 0.328–0.753 |
| 50%–30% | 0.001 | 1.502 | 1.184–1.904 |
| <30% | 0.001 | 2.013 | 1.329–3.049 |
| Concomitant diseases | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | |||
| CCS I | NS | 0.709 | 0.384–1.308 |
| CCS II | NS | 1.396 | 0.771–2.528 |
| CCS III | NS | 1.150 | 0.635–2.080 |
| CCS IV | NS | 1.411 | 0.765–2.605 |
| Diabetes | 0.001 | 1.489 | 1.187–1.867 |
| Glucose intolerance | NS | 0.514 | 0.253–1.044 |
| Stroke | NS | 1.260 | 0.796–1.995 |
| Arterial hypertension | NS | 1.167 | 0.896–1.520 |
| AF paroxysmal | NS | 1.227 | 0.831–1.811 |
| AF persistent | NS | 1.031 | 0.706–1.506 |
| Internal carotid artery stenosis | 0.02 | 1.542 | 1.069–2.223 |
| COPD | NS | 1.358 | 0.910–2.026 |
| Chronic renal failure | 0.017 | 1.520 | 1.079–2.142 |
| Acute renal failure | NS | 2.168 | 0.848–5.544 |
| Heart failure | <0.001 | 1.556 | 1.227–1.974 |
| Congestive heart failure | |||
| NYHA I | 0.004 | 0.195 | 0.064–0.598 |
| NYHA II | 0.012 | 3.771 | 1.336–10.648 |
| NYHA III | 0.003 | 4.807 | 1.703–13.570 |
| NYHA IV | 0.004 | 5.129 | 1.673–15.723 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | <0.001 | 1.706 | 1.302–2.235 |
| Operative risk | |||
| EuroScore logistic | <0.001 | 1.022 | 1.013–1.031 |
| EuroScore logistic 2 | 0.001 | 1.034 | 1.014–1.054 |
| Preoperative factors | |||
| Hemoglobin at admission | NS | 1.004 | 0.998–1.009 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) at admission | 0.003 | 1.002 | 1.001–1.003 |
| GFR at admission (mL/min/1.73 m2) | <0.001 | 0.987 | 0.982–0.993 |
| Intraoperative factors | |||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time | NS | 1.002 | 0.999–1.004 |
| Aortic cross-clamping time | 0.005 | 1.006 | 1.002–1.011 |
| Reperfusion time | NS | 1.004 | 0.993–1.016 |
| Intraoperative hemofiltration | NS | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Operation type | |||
| Isolated CABG, n (%) | NS | 1.439 | 0.494–4.191 |
| CABG + valve, n (%) | NS | 2.596 | 0.879–7.665 |
| CABG + AAA, n (%) | NS | 1.800 | 0.445–7.281 |
| TAVI, n (%) | NS | 0.385 | 0.130–1.137 |
| Aortic aneurysm, n (%) | NS | 1.455 | 0.442–4.787 |
| Valve, n (%) | NS | 1.382 | 0.455–4.200 |
| Postoperative factors | |||
| Intubation time | NS | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Drainage | NS | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) highest | <0.001 | 1.004 | 1.003–1.005 |
| postoperative | |||
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) lowest | <0.001 | 0.980 | 0.975–0.984 |
| postoperative | |||
| Packed red blood cells transfusion | NS | 1.000 | 0.997–1.002 |
| Fresh frozen plasma transfusion | NS | 0.999 | 0.997–1.002 |
| Platelets transfusion | NS | 1.000 | 0.999–1.001 |
| Postoperative complications | |||
| Stroke | NS | 1.336 | 0.781–2.285 |
| Low cardiac output | NS | 0.917 | 0.505–1.665 |
| Pneumonia | <0.001 | 4.333 | 2.799–6.708 |
| Respiratory failure | <0.001 | 2.695 | 1.995–3.640 |
| Acute renal failure | 0.001 | 2.453 | 1.465–4.108 |
| AKI requiring CRRT | <0.001 | 2.503 | 1.881–3.330 |
| Sepsis | NS | 0.524 | 0.064–4.276 |
| Outcome data | |||
| Hospital LOS (days) | <0.001 | 1.039 | 1.027–1.050 |
| ICU LOS (days) | 0.003 | 1.028 | 1.009–1.046 |
| Mortality 30 days, n (%) | NS | 0.789 | 0.491–1.270 |
Abbreviations: AAA, ascending aorta aneurysm; AF, atrial fibrillation; AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; NS, not significant; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.