Table A3.
Odds ratios (ORs) for child stunting, maternal overweight/obesity, and SCOWT using simple and multiple logistic mixed models.
| Variable | Child Stunting | Maternal Overweight/Obesity | SCOWT | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | Adjusted 95% CI | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | Adjusted 95% CI | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | Adjusted 95% CI | |
| Child Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Female | 0.612 ** | (0.441–0.849) | 1.696 ** | (1.077–2.672) | 1.16 | (0.834–1.614) | 0.74 | (0.515–1.064) | ||||
| Child Age | 0.989 | (0.969–1.009) | 1.014 | (0.993–1.036) | 0 | - | ||||||
| Maternal Age | 0.996 | (0.963–1.031) | 1.026 | (0.99–1.063) | 1.02 | (0.982–1.06) | ||||||
| Maternal literacy | ||||||||||||
| Illiterate | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| Partially literate | 0.994 | (0.47–2.105) | 0.897 | (0.395–2.037) | 1.021 | (0.457–2.28) | ||||||
| Literate | 0.702 | (0.374–1.316) | 0.826 | (0.416–1.637) | 0.782 | (0.396–1.547) | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||
| Low education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Educated | 0.534 ** | (0.342–0.834) | 0.596 * | (0.372–0.954) | 0.814 | (0.537–1.235) | 0.565 * | (0.34–0.937) | ||||
| Highly educated | 0.58 | (0.213–1.579) | 0.735 | (0.242–2.23) | 0.717 | (0.329–1.565) | 0.849 | (0.294–2.454) | ||||
| Family type | ||||||||||||
| Nuclear family | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| Extended family | 0.976 | (0.663–1.435) | 0.901 | (0.613–1.324) | 1.291 | (0.584–1.361) | ||||||
| Number of child at home | ||||||||||||
| 1–2 children | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| 3–4 children | 1.48 | (0.978–2.238) | 1.75 * | (1.108–2.762) | 1.75 * | (1.108–2.762) | 1.852 ** | (1.184–2.898) | ||||
| >4 children | 1.381 | (0.422–4.525) | 0.473 | (0.15–1.484) | 0.473 | (0.15–1.484) | 1.229 | (0.317–4.766) | ||||
| Number of children under 5 years in household | ||||||||||||
| 1 child | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| 2 children | 0.987 | (0.524–1.86) | 0.745 | (0.401–1.384) | 1.015 | (0.504–2.044) | ||||||
| 3 children | 0.877 | (0.054–14.25) | 0.855 | (0.052–13.963) | 1.497 | (0.091–24.713) | ||||||
| Maternal occupation | ||||||||||||
| Housewife without maid | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| Housewife with maid | 1.472 | (0.508–4.267) | 2.374 | (0.572–9.859) | 1.935 | (0.653–5.733) | ||||||
| Private sector | 0.435 | (0.158–1.198) | 1.41 | (0.536–3.705) | 0.795 | (0.286–2.212) | ||||||
| Trade and entrepreneur | 0.772 | (0.339–1.756) | 0.734 | (0.334–1.611) | 0.686 | (0.262–1.798) | ||||||
| Labor/miscellaneous | 0.719 | (0.286–1.807) | 1.245 | (0.485–3.193) | 0.817 | (0.294–2.274) | ||||||
| Paternal occupation | ||||||||||||
| Government officer | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| Private sector | 4.914 ** | (1.476–16.36) | 0.97 | (0.441–2.135) | 3.963 * | (1.05–14.961) | ||||||
| Trade and entrepreneur | 7.274 *** | (2.099–25.208) | 0.904 | (0.386–2.12) | 4.84 * | (1.23–19.05) | ||||||
| Labor | 7.196*** | (2.14–24.201) | 1.455 | (0.654–3.239) | 5.77 ** | (1.542–21.586) | ||||||
| Other | 11.117 *** | (3.157–39.153) | 0.977 | (0.395–2.414) | 7.436 ** | (1.871–29.549) | ||||||
| Paternal smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Non–smoker | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||||
| Smoker | 0.97 | (0.677–1.389) | 1.081 | (0.756–1.546) | 0.973 | (0.652–1.451) | ||||||
| Food insecurity | ||||||||||||
| Food secure | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Mildly food insecure | 1.74 * | (1.043–2.903) | 1.687 | (0.985–2.889) | 1.286 | (0.76–2.176) | 2.647 *** | (1.486–4.712) | 2.798 *** | (1.54–5.083) | ||
| Moderately food insecure | 1.514 | (0.84–2.729) | 1.562 | (0.842–2.897) | 1.174 | (0.646–2.135) | 2.254 * | (1.17–4.342) | 2.53 ** | (1.286–4.98) | ||
| Severely food insecure | 2.182 ** | (1.28–3.717) | 2.005 * | (1.14–3.526) | 1.111 | (0.647–1.91) | 2.057 * | (1.112–3.804) | 2.045 * | (1.087–3.848) | ||
Households with children between 2 and 5 years old from communities with high risk of underweight children in Surabaya, Indonesia. Odds from those food-secure households. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; p-values and estimated values obtained by fitting a Mixed Effect Model accounting for Posyandu; Adjustment for Multiple Comparisons: Dunnett-Hsu.