Table 2.

Medication Use during ICU Admission.

	Probiotic Intervention (n = 16)	Control Group (n = 16)	p Value
Laxative Use, n (%)	7 (43.8)	13 (81.3)	0.066
Senna	5 (31.3)	6 (37.5)	1.00
Colace	5 (31.3)	4 (25.0)	1.00
Dulcolax	10 (62.5)	6 (37.5)	0.289
Fleet	6 (37.5)	5 (31.3)	1.00
Peg3350	9 (56.3)	11 (68.7)	0.716
Antibiotic Type, n (%)
Cephalosporins (Frequently Associated with AAD)
Cefazolin	7 (43.7)	7 (43.7)	1.000
Cefuroxime	2 (12.5)	2 12.5)	1.000
Ceftriaxone	14 (87.5)	11(68.7)	0.394
Cefixime	2 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0.484
Cephalexin	1 (6.2)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Penicillins (Frequently Associated with AAD)
Penicillin G	0 (0.0)	1 (6.2)	1.000
Amoxicillin	4 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	0.101
Piperacillin/Tazobactam	7 (43.7)	7 (43.7)	0.394
Fluoroquinolones (Frequently Associated with AAD)
Ciprofloxacin	0 (0.0)	2 (12.5)	0.484
Levofloxacin	1 (6.2)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Macrolides (Occasionally Associated)
Azithromycin	6 (37.5)	7 (43.7)	1.000
Carbapenem (Occasionally Associated with AAD)
Meropenem	0 (0.0)	2 (12.5)	0.484
Imipenim/cilastatin	0 (0.0)	1 (6.2)	1.000
Other (Rarely Associated with AAD)
Metronidiazole	8 (50.0)	5 (31.2)	0.473
Voriconazole	1 (6.2)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Vancomycin	0 (0.0)	3 (18.7)	0.226
Number of Antibiotics received during study period, n (%)
1	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
2	2 (12.5)	3 (18.1)
3	4 (25.0)	5 (31.3)
4	6 (37.5)	1 (6.2)
5	1 (6.2)	5 (31.3)
6	2 (12.5)	1 (6.2)
7	1 (6.2)	1 (6.2)
Number of Antibiotics received that are frequently associated with diarrhea (High Risk), n (%)
0	0 (0.0)	1 (6.2)
1	5 (31.3)	5 (31.3)
2	4 (25.0)	5 (31.3)
3	5 (31.3)	5 (31.3)
4	1 (6.2)	0 (0.0)
5	1 (6.2)	0 (0.0)
≥1 High Risk Antibiotic, n (%)	16 (100.0)	15 (93.8)
High Risk antibiotic and AAD	2 (37.5)	3 (18.1)
Independent Sample T-Test
Number of Antibiotics received, mean ± SD	4.0 ± 1.41	3.94 ± 1.53	0.905
Number of High risk Antibiotics received, mean ± SD	2.31 ± 1.20	1.88 ± 0.96	0.350
AAD + high risk antibiotic received, mean ± SD	0.13 ± 0.34	0.25 ± 0.45	0.076