Table 1.

Prevalence of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition and nutritional screening tool used in the included studies.

Reference	Total n	WN n	RMN n	MN n	Cut-Off for Malnutrition
[21]	17,651	9549	-	8102	Albumin < 3.5 g/dL
[22]	173	49	-	57	BMI < 22 kg/m2
[23]	23	9	7	7	BMI †
[20]	96	59	-	37	BMI < 18.5 kg/m2
[24]	60	34	-	26	Weight loss ≥ 5% 1 m, or ≥ 10% 6 m, and/or albumin < 2.7 g/dL
[14]	25	11	11	3	Hospital’s own screening tool §
Total of subjects	18,028	9711	18	8232
Percentage		53.9%		45.7%
Reference	Total n	WN n	RMN n	MN n	Cut-Off for Malnutrition
[15]	49	18	23	8	MNA ‡
[19]	80	38	35	7	MNA
[25]	127	89	36	2	MNA
[17]	50	32	18	0	MNA
[26]	50	7	29	14	MNA
[27]	97	44	37	16	MNA
[28]	162	59	-	103	MNA
[29]	152	87	-	65	MNA
[18]	215	95	95	25	MNA-SF ¥
[30]	204	55	98	51	MNA-SF
[31]	594	316	236	42	MNA-SF
[32]	415	152	185	78	MNA-SF
Total of subjects	2195	992	774	411
Percentage		45.2%	35.3%	18.7%

^§ This screening tool is based on changes in dietary intake, weight, and other risk factors (pressure ulcers, presence of infection, period of fasting, and the need for help with eating and drinking); ^† Risk of malnutrition cut-off point: Body Mass Index (BMI) between 20 and 22 kg/m²; ^‡ Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) cut-off points: well-nourished ≥ 24 points, at risk for malnutrition at 17–23.5 points, and malnourished at less than 17 points; ^¥ Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) cut-off points: well-nourished 12–14 points, at risk of malnutrition 8–11 points, and malnourished 0–7 points; WN: well-nourished; RMN: risk of malnutrition; MN: malnourished.