Table 4.
Relationship between nutritional status and mortality.
| Authors Origin Year Design |
n (Male/Female) Age, Mean ± SD (Years) |
BMI kg/m2 (Mean ± SD) | Exclusion Criteria | Main Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miyanishi Japan 2010 Retrospective [43] |
n 129 (24/103) 79 years Survivors 78 ± 11 years Non-survivors 81 ± 10 years |
21 ± 2.9 (Survivors) 18.9 ± 3.5 (Non Survivors) |
NA | Non-survivors have: ↓* BMI, hemoglobin, albumin and ↑* dementia, complications Mortality predictors (4-year mortality): Albumin (<36 g/L) OR = 5.85 and BMI (<18.9 kg/m2); OR = 1.16 |
| Schaller Switzerland 2012 Sub-analysis of RCT [22] |
n 173 (36/137) 84.2 ± 6.7 years |
NA | Severe cognitive impairment (MMSE > 15) or delirium | Risk factor for ↑mortality (1-year mortality): MMSE <25 (HR = 5.77, 95%CI: 1.55–21.55) Male sex (HR = 3.55, 95%CI: 1.26–97) BMI <22 vs. >25 (HR = 7.25, 95%CI: 1.61–33.74) Vitamin D per 1ng/ml (HR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.87–0.998) |
| Gumieiro Brasil 2013 Prospective [46] |
n 86 (20/66) 80.2 ± 7.3 years |
NA | Pathological fracture | MNA ↔ gait impairment OR = 0.77 (0.66–0.90) p = 0.001 ↑ 1 point MNA → ↑* 29% chance of walking MNA ↔ mortality HR = 0.87 (0.76–0.99) p = 0.04 ↑ 1 point MNA → ↓* 15% mortality risk |
| Flodin Sweden 2016 Prospective [44] |
n 843 (227/616) 82 ± 7 years |
22.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2 | Severe cognitive impairment, admitted from nursing-homes | 1-year mortality (p = 0.006): BMI > 26 = 6% BMI 22–26 = 18% BMI < 22 = 16% BMI > 26 indicates a higher likelihood of returning to independent living (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.4–5.0) |
| Uriz-Otano Spain 2016 Prospective [47] |
n 430 (97/333) 84.2 ± 7.4 years |
NA | Tumor, high impact fracture | 3-year mortality: Albumin HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.42–0.90 Predictors of 3-year mortality: Age, HR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.06 Comorbidity, HR 1.19, 95%CI 1.09–1.30 Complications, HR 1.17, 95%CI 1.05–1.31 |
MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examinatio; RCT: randomized clinical trial; ↓*: significantly less; ↑*: significantly more.