Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of control group and patients with cognitive decline and/or depression mood (CD-DM).
| Control Group n = 520 |
CD-DM n = 571 |
p Value | Whole Population n = 1091 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex * | 326 (62.7%) | 216 (37.8%) | <0.001 | 542 (49.7%) |
| Age (years) ** | 77.64 ± 6.60 (65–95) |
79.94 ± 6.67 (65–97) |
<0.001 | 78.80 ± 6.72 (65–97) |
| MMSE ** | 29.00 ± 0.61 (29–30) |
18.00 ± 6.72 (0–30) |
<0.001 | 23.28 ± 7.32 (0–30) |
| HRSD-21 ** | 2.48 ± 1.61 (1–6) |
10.96 ± 6.93 (0–31) |
<0.001 | 6.57 ± 6.66 (0–31) |
| ADL ** | 6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6) |
4.14 ± 1.88 (0–6) |
<0.001 | 4.98 ± 1.65 (0–6) |
| IADL ** | 8.00 ± 0.00 (8–8) |
3.31 ± 3.18 (0–8) |
<0.001 | 5.39 ± 3.38 (0–8) |
| MNA ** | 24.26 ± 3.42 (9–29) |
23.02 ± 4.45 (0–29) |
<0.001 | 23.61 ± 4.00 (0–29) |
| ESS ** | 19.32 ± 0.78 (18–20) |
17.32 ± 2.35 (9–20) |
<0.001 | 18.27 ± 2.05 (9–20) |
| CIRS ** | 2.23 ± 1.39 (0–7) |
2.33 ± 1.50 (0–9) |
0.241 | 2.28 ± 1.45 (0–9) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) ** | 5.53 ± 1.96 (2.24–17.22) |
5.54 ± 1.51 (3.64–14.42) |
0.903 | 5.54 ± 1.76 (2.23–17.22) |
| Urea (mmol/L) ** | 7.44 ± 2.61 (2.34–19.00) |
7.55 ± 3.12 (2.82–34.53) |
0.571 | 7.43 ± 2.82 (2.31–34.53) |
| Scr (µmol/L) ** | 83.82 ± 27.95 (35.42–221) |
81 ± 27.22 (36.21–212.20) |
0.107 | 82.40 ± 27.63 (35.42–221) |
| Na+ (mmol/L) ** | 140.28 ± 3.47 (120–151) |
141.00 ± 2.46 (133–151) |
<0.001 | 140.65 ± 3.00 (120–151) |
| K+ (mmol/L) ** | 4.27 ± 0.49 (2.80–6.46) |
4.52 ± 0.46 (3.31–7.78) |
<0.001 | 4.40 ± 0.50 (2.80–7.78) |
| Cl− (mmol/L) ** | 103.73 ± 4.48 (85–142) |
105.04 ± 3.08 (86–116) |
<0.001 | 104.40 ± 3.86 (85–142) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) ** | 72.21 ± 18.03 (19.52–107.91) |
69.64 ± 18.57 (16.66–106.50) |
0.021 | 71.00 ± 18.35 (16.66–107.91) |
| Osmolality (mmol/kg) ** | 296.53 ± 6.98 (256–315) |
298.44 ± 5.53 (283–325) |
<0.001 | 297.53 ± 6.33 (256–325) |
* Absolute frequency (percentage). ** Mean ± SD (range). MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; HRSD-21, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; ESS, Exton-Smith Scale; CIRS, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; Scr, serum creatinine; Na+, sodium; K+, potassium; Cl−, chloride; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.