Table 2.
Clinical features of patients affected with cognitive decline and/or depression mood (CD-DM).
| SCI n = 27 |
LLD with Cognitive Impairment n = 125 |
MCI n = 78 |
AD n = 122 |
VaD n = 203 |
LBD n = 16 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex * | 11 (40.70%) | 25 (20.00%) | 42 (53.80%) | 52 (42.60%) | 79 (39.00%) | 7 (43.80%) |
| Age (years) ** | 77.33 ± 6.81 (66–92) |
77.75 ± 6.50 (65–93) |
78.10 ± 6.86 (65–97) |
79.00 ± 6.31 (65–92) |
83.00 ± 6.00 (65–96) |
79.13 ± 5.32 (69–91) |
| MMSE ** | 27.64 ± 1.93 (24–30) |
19.92 ± 5.44 (0–29) |
25.14 ± 1.49 (24–28) |
13.99 ± 5.81 (0–27) |
15.24 ± 5.87 (0–29) |
17.72 ± 4.68 (9–24) |
| HRSD-21 ** | 3.30 ± 2.35 (0–7) |
14.66 ± 5.60 (8–30) |
4.91 ± 2.44 (0–7) |
10.11 ± 6.52 (0–26) |
13.09 ± 6.85 (0–31) |
12.23 ± 9.19 (0–31) |
| ADL ** | 6.00 ± 0 (6–6) |
4.45 ± 1.68 (0–6) |
6.00 ± 0 (6–6) |
3.57 ± 1.88 (0–6) |
3.36 ± 1.80 (0–6) |
3.56 ± 1.75 (1–6) |
| IADL ** | 8.00 ± 0 (8–8) |
3.82 ± 3.15 (0–8) |
8.00 ± 0 (8–8) |
1.60 ± 2.34 (0–8) |
1.71 ± 2.49 (0–8) |
2.06 ± 2.83 (0–8) |
| MNA ** | 27.03 ± 1.79 (23–29) |
23.26 ± 3.95 (9–29) |
26.00 ± 3.10 (13–29) |
21.93 ± 4.96 (0–29) |
21.90 ± 4.39 (6–28) |
22.63 ± 3.35 (16–28) |
| ESS ** | 19.00 ± 1.44 (14–20) |
17.66 ± 2.12 (12–20) |
18.88 ± 1.44 (15–20) |
17.21 ± 2.29 (9–20) |
16.32 ± 2.46 (9–20) |
17.63 ± 1.71 (14–20) |
| CIRS ** | 2.00 ± 1.17 (0–4) |
2.42 ± 1.43 (0–6) |
1.92 ± 1.54 (0–6) |
1.95 ± 1.28 (0–6) |
2.72 ± 1.60 (0–9) |
2.13 ± 1.50 (0–5) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) ** | 5.32 ± 1.33 (4.00–8.30) |
5.29 ± 1.20 (3.85–10.44) |
5.35 ± 1.50 (3.93–11.72) |
5.57 ± 1.54 (3.62–14.43) |
5.80 ± 1.81 (3.72–12.22) |
4.67 ± 0.75 (3.63–6.55) |
| Urea (mmol/L) ** | 7.14 ± 2.35 (4.25–14.00) |
7.40 ± 3.41 (3.52–34.55) |
7 ± 2.02 (4.00–16.32) |
6.82 ± 2.45 (2.84–17.33) |
8.20 ± 3.61 (2.85–28.34) |
6.63 ± 1.75 (4.72–9.73) |
| Scr (µmol/L) ** | 73.53 ± 20.81 (39.82–152.00) |
75.60 ± 25.51 (36.22–198.92) |
79.55 ± 22.47 (38.00–168) |
79.36 ± 26.78 (38.00–160.92) |
87.93 ± 30 (38.93–212.24) |
71.33 ± 21.42 (46.84–120.26) |
| Na+ (mmol/L) ** | 140.70 ± 2.31 (137–148) |
141.38 ± 2.84 (135–151) |
140.68 ± 2.17 (134–145) |
141.80 ± 2.40 (134–147) |
140.42 ± 2.24 (133–147) |
141.19 ± 2.13 (137–144) |
| K+ (mmol/L) ** | 4.49 ± 0.35 (3.97–5.20) |
4.51 ± 0.47 (3.50–6.00) |
4.44 ± 0.39 (3.70–5.62) |
4.45 ± 0.38 (3.31–5.58) |
4.60 ± 0.53 (3.44–7.78) |
4.24 ± 0.36 (3.55–4.70) |
| Cl− (mmol/L) ** | 105.30 ± 2.49 (101–110) |
104.66 ± 2.94 (98–112) |
105.00 ± 2.28 (100–109) |
105.24 ± 3.36 (86–112) |
105.02 ± 3.33 (96–116) |
105.06 ± 3.17 (97–112) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) ** | 76.21 ± 15.65 (36.22–100.52) |
72.39 ± 17.68 (20.72–106.50) |
73.17 ± 16.10 (30.79–97.73) |
71.82 ± 18.52 (24.26–106.24) |
63.84 ± 19.27 (16.66–100.47) |
76.92 ± 15.28 (52.21–95.16) |
| Osmolality (mmol/kg) ** | 297.23 ± 4.43 (288.00–308.00) |
298.77 ± 6.44 (285.00–325.50) |
297.00 ± 4.05 (285.00–306.00) |
299.23 ± 5.30 (286.50–312.40) |
298.63 ± 5.66 (283.00–314.50) |
296.36 ± 4.23 (289.10–302.60) |
* Absolute frequency (percentage). ** Mean ± SD (range). SCI, subjective cognitive impairment; LLD, late-life depression; MCI, Mmild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; VaD, vascular dementia; LBD, Lewy body disease; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; HRSD-21, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; ESS, Exton Smith Scale; CIRS, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; Scr, serum creatinine; Na+, sodium; K+, potassium; Cl−, chloride; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.