Table 5.
Evolution of symptoms of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity after 1 year of a GFD.
| Parameters | Pre-GFD | Post-GFD | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper respiratory tract infections, (X ± SD), (Maximum 18) | |||
| -Children | 3.2 ± 2.1 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | =0.000 |
| -Adults | 4.5 ± 4.9 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | =0.680 |
| Lower respiratory tract infections, (X ± SD), (Maximum 9) | |||
| -Children | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | =0.001 |
| -Adults | 1.3 ± 2.1 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | =0.180 |
| Associated allergies, (X ± SD), (Maximum 27) | |||
| -Children | 1.8 ± 3.4 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | =0.782 |
| -Adults | 1.3 ± 2.8 | 2.2 ± 3.7 | =0.285 |
| Headaches and/or migraines, (X ± SD), (Maximum 18) | |||
| -Children | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | =0.013 |
| -Adults | 4.8 ± 4.9 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | =0.068 |
| Infectious oral processes, (X ± SD), (Maximum 15) | |||
| -Children | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | =0.000 |
| -Adults | 3.8 ± 4.2 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | =0.104 |
| Other dental changes, (X ± SD), (Maximum 15) | |||
| -Children | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | =0.105 |
| -Adults | 2.8 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | =0.276 |
| Musculoskeletal affectation, (X ± SD), (Maximum 36) | |||
| -Children | 5.0 ± 5.7 | 1.4 ± 2.5 | =0.002 |
| -Adults | 9.0 ± 12.7 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | =0.042 |
| Dermatitis, (X ± SD), (Maximum 45) | |||
| -Children | 4.8 ± 6.3 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | =0.002 |
| -Adults | 6.3 ± 4.9 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | =0.058 |
| Anaemia and/or ferropaenia, (X ± SD), (Maximum 24) | |||
| -Children | 2.8 ± 3.1 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | =0.004 |
| -Adults | 4.0 ± 3.6 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | =0.131 |
| Sleep disorders, (X ± SD), (Maximum 27) | |||
| -Children | 6.2 ± 6.4 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | =0.000 |
| -Adults | 8.7 ± 5.3 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | =0.046 |
| Behavioural disorders, (X ± SD), (Maximum 24) | |||
| -Children | 7.2 ± 5.6 | 2.6 ± 4.1 | =0.002 |
| -Adults | 16.0 ± 3.0 | 3.0 ± 4.5 | =0.028 |
| Urinary disorders, (X ± SD), (Maximum 21) | |||
| -Children | 1.8 ± 2.7 | 0.7 ± 1.3 | =0.082 |
| -Adults | 3.3 ± 5.3 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | =0.109 |
| Dietary disorders, (X ± SD), (Maximum 45) | |||
| -Children | 9.5 ± 9.5 | 1.3 ± 1.9 | =0.000 |
| -Adults | 10.5 ± 9.4 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | =0.027 |
| Change in intestinal habit, (X ± SD), (Maximum 33) | |||
| -Children | 9.1 ± 6.8 | 3.7 ± 4.8 | =0.001 |
| -Adults | 7.7 ± 5.2 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | =0.075 |
The tests used were the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for adults, the Student paired test for children and the McNemar test for drugs consumption. GFD = Gluten-free diet; X = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation.