Table 1.
Distribution of total energy intake according to NOVA food groups. U.K. population aged 1.5 years or over (2008–2014).
| NOVA Food Groups a | Mean Absolute Intake (Kcal/Day) | Mean Relative Intake (% of Total Energy Intake) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
| Unprocessed or minimally processed foods | 514.29 | 3.84 | 30.15 | 0.21 |
| Milk and plain yoghurt | 82.92 | 1.06 | 4.97 | 0.06 |
| Potatoes and other tubers and roots | 59.86 | 0.96 | 3.50 | 0.06 |
| Fruits | 54.94 | 0.98 | 3.33 | 0.06 |
| Red meat | 56.96 | 1.16 | 3.29 | 0.07 |
| Poultry | 46.03 | 1.02 | 2.70 | 0.06 |
| Cereals b | 42.74 | 1.44 | 2.52 | 0.08 |
| Pasta | 30.76 | 0.90 | 1.80 | 0.05 |
| Eggs | 24.88 | 0.59 | 1.46 | 0.03 |
| Vegetables | 25.84 | 0.45 | 1.52 | 0.03 |
| Fresh fruit juice c | 20.78 | 0.64 | 1.21 | 0.04 |
| Fish | 21.34 | 0.73 | 1.22 | 0.04 |
| Legumes | 10.57 | 0.39 | 0.63 | 0.02 |
| Other unprocessed or minimally processed foods d | 36.67 | 1.01 | 2.05 | 0.06 |
| Processed culinary ingredients | 75.18 | 1.47 | 4.20 | 0.08 |
| Table sugar | 29.36 | 0.90 | 1.66 | 0.05 |
| Butter e | 27.12 | 0.84 | 1.53 | 0.05 |
| Plant oil | 12.18 | 0.54 | 0.69 | 0.03 |
| Other processed culinary ingredients f | 6.51 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.02 |
| Processed foods | 167.33 | 2.88 | 8.83 | 0.13 |
| Beer and wine | 70.70 | 2.30 | 3.54 | 0.11 |
| Cheese | 51.32 | 1.12 | 2.86 | 0.06 |
| Vegetables and other plant foods preserved in brine | 16.58 | 0.42 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
| Processed breads | 13.67 | 0.90 | 0.72 | 0.04 |
| Ham and other salted, smoked, or canned meat or fish | 9.53 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.02 |
| Other processed foods g | 5.52 | 0.41 | 0.30 | 0.02 |
| Ultra-processed foods | 996.53 | 6.62 | 56.82 | 0.24 |
| Industrialised packaged breads | 191.16 | 2.00 | 11.01 | 0.10 |
| Packaged pre-prepared meals h | 131.95 | 2.19 | 7.66 | 0.12 |
| Breakfast cereals | 73.51 | 1.33 | 4.36 | 0.07 |
| Sausage and other reconstituted meat products | 67.12 | 1.19 | 3.84 | 0.06 |
| Confectionery | 64.82 | 1.42 | 3.55 | 0.07 |
| Biscuits | 60.35 | 1.21 | 3.46 | 0.06 |
| Pastries, buns, and cakes | 59.54 | 1.43 | 3.26 | 0.07 |
| Industrial chips (French fries) | 48.55 | 1.14 | 2.79 | 0.06 |
| Soft drinks, fruit drinks, and fruit juices | 45.77 | 1.28 | 2.49 | 0.06 |
| Milk-based drinks | 37.52 | 0.86 | 2.23 | 0.05 |
| Packaged salty snacks | 36.24 | 0.84 | 2.02 | 0.04 |
| Industrial pizza | 33.62 | 1.38 | 1.84 | 0.07 |
| Margarine and other spreads | 38.49 | 0.76 | 2.19 | 0.04 |
| Sauces, dressing, and gravies | 37.62 | 0.75 | 2.11 | 0.04 |
| Industrial desserts | 15.53 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.03 |
| Other ultra-processed foods i | 54.75 | 1.43 | 3.08 | 0.08 |
a Some items may include culinary preparations with oil, fats, salt, and sugar; b Including grains and flours; c Including ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) or pasteurized, and smoothies; d Including coffee, tea, sea foods, fungi, nuts, and freshly prepared dishes based on one or more unprocessed or minimally processed food; e Including lard and suet shredded; f Including starches, coconut and milk cream, gelatin powder, and vinegar; g Including salted, sweetened, or oil-roasted nuts or seeds, condensed milk, and commercial baby foods; h Including frozen and shelf-stable dishes and canned soups; i Including baked beans, meat alternatives, soy and other drinks as milk substitutes, infant formula, and distilled alcoholic drink. SE = standard error.