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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 4.
Published in final edited form as: Bioessays. 2018 Mar 30;40(6):e1700231. doi: 10.1002/bies.201700231

Figure 4. Potential mechanisms of IFN-inducible GTPase targeting to the LC3-marked membrane.

Figure 4

(Top) LC3 may be sufficient to recruit the GTPases to a given membrane. Whether LC3 alone, or another mediator is required between LC3 and the GTPases is unknown. (Center) LC3 may be necessary but not sufficient to recruit the GTPases. A second protein may be required to facilitate the recruitment of GTPases, or LC3 may need to be modified by a post translational modification to bind IRGs or GBPs. (Bottom) LC3 may be tangential to the recruitment of IRGs and GBPs and have no role. The localization of the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex may recruit a protein to the membrane that is responsible for the IRG and GBP binding. As a consequence of the complex localizing to the membrane LC3 also becomes conjugated at the site.