Figure 3. The Integrated Behavior Change model linking perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and planning on Physical Activity behavior.

Note: Standardized path coefficients for the structural equation model estimated controlling for behavior measured at Time 1 are reported in parentheses. The effects of past behavior measured at Time 1 on each variable in the model figure were omitted for clarity. These paths were freely estimated in the VB-SEM analysis but not depicted in diagram: past behavior → perceived autonomy support (β = .31, p < .001); past behavior → autonomous motivation (β = .31, p < .001); past behavior → attitude (β = .28, p < .001); past behavior → subjective norm (β = .18, p = .032); past behavior → perceived behavioral control (β = .31, p < .001); past behavior → intention (β = .14, p =.07); past behavior → planning (β = .25, p =.005); past behavior → behavior at Time 2 (β = .65, p < .001). Dashed lines indicate paths that were not statistically significant (p > .05) in the SEM analysis without controlling for past behavior. ^***p < .001; ^**p <.001; ^*p <.05.