Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the subjects according to gender.
| Female (n=2,308) | Male (n=3,966) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.1±9.8 | 65.7±11.1 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 155.3±6.2 | 169.1±6.2 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 59.2±9.6 | 70.7±10.7 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5±3.7 | 24.7±3.1 | 0.174 |
| Current smoking | 19 (0.8) | 524 (13.2) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake | 136 (6.0) | 1,366 (42.0) | <0.001 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 1,546 (67.5) | 2,553 (64.5) | 0.072 |
| Symptomatic AF (EHRA 3 or 4) | 1,049 (45.8) | 1,483 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.2±1.3 | 1.9±1.3 | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 | 2,066 (90.1) | 2,382 (60.2) | <0.001 |
| CHADS2 score | 1.8±1.2 | 1.7±1.2 | <0.001 |
| CHADS2 score ≥2 | 1,268 (55.3) | 1,993 (50.4) | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VA score* | 2.2±1.3 | 1.9±1.3 | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VA score ≥2* | 1,589 (69.3) | 2,382 (60.2) | <0.001 |
| HAS-BLED score | 2.0±1.0 | 1.9±1.1 | 0.001 |
| HAS-BLED score ≥3 | 614 (26.8) | 1,033 (26.1) | 0.571 |
| Hypertension | 1,608 (70.2) | 2,632 (66.5) | 0.012 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 571 (24.9) | 1,026 (25.9) | 0.351 |
| Myocardial infarction | 51 (2.2) | 154 (3.9) | 0.002 |
| Prior valve surgery | 14 (0.6) | 10 (0.3) | 0.086 |
| Congestive heart failure | 254 (11.1) | 378 (9.6) | 0.147 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 95 (4.1) | 233 (5.9) | 0.011 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 359 (15.7) | 593 (15.0) | 0.326 |
| Dyslipidemia | 887 (38.7) | 1,297 (32.8) | <0.001 |
| Pacemaker implant | 221 (9.6) | 187 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 20 (0.9) | 47 (1.2) | 0.212 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 76.8±23.7 | 76.3±20.3 | 0.375 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min) | 245 (10.7) | 376 (9.5) | 0.29 |
| Cancer history | 193 (8.4) | 437 (11.0) | 0.003 |
| Any bleeding history | 221 (9.6) | 361 (9.1) | 0.715 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 51.4±27.6 | 45.3±24.5 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 62.5±14.6 | 60.3±9.7 | <0.001 |
| E/E′ | 13.7±6.7 | 11.1±14.8 | <0.001 |
AF = atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2-VASc = congestive heart failure, hypertension, age >75, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age >65, female; E/E′ = early diastolic mitral inflow velocity/mitral annular velocity; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; EHRA = European Heart Rhythm Association; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HAS-BLED = hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function; serum creatinine ≥2.3 mg/dL or bilirubin >2 × upper limit of normal, in association with aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase/alkaline phosphatase >3 × upper limit of normal, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly; LA = left atrium.
*Excluding points for sex category.