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. 2018 Jun 4;8:8527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26937-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Estradiol via ERα decreases protease activity and collagen cleavage in 17-week old mandibular condylar fibrocartilage. (A) qPCR gene expression of proteases MMP3, MMP13, MMP9, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5 of all WT (B) and ERαKO groups. (C) Immunohistochemistry of collagen type 1 and 2 cleavage epitopes of WT and ERαKO groups. (D) Explant study timeline and digital micrograph illustrating the mandible in culture for 48 hours estradiol treatment. (E) Role of estradiol on collagen type 1 and 2 cleavage (C1,2 C) as measured by ELISA in explant culture. All values represent means ± standard deviation. n = 6 for PCR datum and n = 5 for explant datum, ^{^}p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05.