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. 2018 Jun 4;9:2168. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04613-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — iSyn electron transfer to the BPEC is via a diffusive endogenous mediator. a CV in the light for buffer (black) and the iSyn (blue) separated by a 3 kD dialysis membrane on the graphite electrode. b CV of supernatant fraction from centrifuged iSyn cells separated by filtration through 3 kD cut-off centricon. Filtrate (solid blue line), retentate (dashed blue), and buffer (black). c Illustration of the scanning electrochemical microscopy setup. iSyn settled on the working electrode (WE) electrode. The counter electrode (CE) is platinum, and the reference electrode (RE) a Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl. The tip is a carbon-based microelectrode with a mixture of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) embedded in an Os-complex modified polymer matrix. All electrodes are connected to the bipotentiostat. d CA of the iSyn (blue) and the BOD tip current (red) measuring the oxidation of the mediator at a distance of 30 µm from the graphite electrode