Skip to main content
. 2018 May 29;9:622. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00622

Table 1.

Cannabinoid's vascular effects in animal models specifically targeting cerebral vessels.

Animal model Reference in vitro in vivo Consc. Bed Molecule Dose Appl. Targ. Effect
Rat Bloom et al., 1997 in vivo consc. Cerebral Δ9-THC 0.5 mg/kg 1 mg/kg 4 mg/kg 16 mg/kg i.v. unsp. increase and decrease of CBF depending on region (see text for details)
11-OH-THC 4 mg/kg i.v. unsp. Increase and decrease of CBF
Rat Stein et al., 1998 in vivo consc. Cerebral AEA 3mg/kg i.v. CB1r no effect
10mg/kg i.v. CB1r rCBF↓ in 7 areas (including amygdala, cingulate, frontal, prepyriform, sensorimotor, claustrocortex)
30mg/kg i.v. CB1r rCBF↓ in 23 areas (including CA1 and CA3 of hippocampus, rostral core portion of nucleus accumbens, rostral caudate nucleus)
Rat Hillard et al., 2007 in vitro − Isolated MCA 2-AG 5-10,000nM perf. CB1r attenuation of U-46619 induced vasoconstriction
Rat Iring et al., 2013 in vivo ur. g.a Cerebral AM-251 10 mg/kg i.v. unsp. no effect on CoBF
AM-404 10 mg/kg i.v. unsp. initial CoBF↑, systemic BP↑, followed by CoBF↓ and BP↓
Rat MacIntyre et al., 2014 in vitro − Isolated retinal arterioles Abn-CBD perf. 10 μM GPR, CBE inhibition of endothelin-induced vasoconstriction, endothelium-dependent, involving SKCa channels
Mouse Zhang et al., 2008 in vivo ket-xy g.a. Cerebral O-1966 1 mg/kg i.v. i.p. CB2r rCBF↑
Rabbit Ellis et al. (1995) in vitro − Cerebral Δ9-THC 10−13-10−3M perf. unsp. Dose-dependent vasodilation
AEA 10−13-10−3M perf. CB1r Dose-dependent vasodilation
Cat Gebremedhin et al. (1999) in vitro − Isolated cerebral arteries R-(+)-WIN 55, 212-2 10-100nM perf. CB1r L-type Ca2+-current↓
AEA 10-300nM perf. CB1r L-type Ca2+-current↓
Pig Su et al. (2015) in vitro − Retinal arterioles Abn-CBD 10−10to 10−4M perf. CBE vasorelaxation in pre-contracted vessels, action on endothelium

Consc, consciousness; Appl, application mode; Targ, target; consc, conscious; THC tetrahydro-cannabinol; i.v, intravenous; unsp, unspecified; CBF, cerebral blood flow; AEA, anandamide; CB1r, cannabinoid receptor type 1; MCA, middle cerebral artery; U-46619, thromboxane A2; Abn-CBD, abnormal cannabidiol; GPR, G-protein coupled receptor 18; CBE, novel endothelial receptor; CB2r, cannabinoid receptor type 2; rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow; ur, urethane; g.a, general anaesthesia; CoBF, cerebrocortical blood flow; BP, blood pressure; ket-xy, ketamine-xylazine; i.p, intraperitoneal; perf, perfusion.