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. 2017 Sep 28;8:153–157. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.09.009

Table 2.

Association between food group consumption and weight status in Bangkok Metropolitan Regions from 2015 to 2016.

ANCOVAa
 p-Value Regressionb
Overweight/obese
 Non-obese
 Model 1
 Model 2
Mean SE Mean SE β 95% CI β 95% CI
Main meals
Recommended foode Cereal grains (g) 376.61 10.3 341.88 7.11 0.008 0.315 0.003 0.006 − 0.088 − 0.003 0.000
Vegetablesc (g) 77.87 5.89 66.53 4.07 0.23 0.034 − 0.265 0.526 − 0.058 − 0.509 0.059
Fruits (g) 79.54 8.5 65.69 5.87 NA 0.143 0.093 0.475 0.064 − 0.009 0.265
Meat/fish (g) 140.12 5.58 118.5 3.86 0.002 0.337 0.006 0.012 − 0.025 − 0.003 0.002
Eggs (g) 52.57 3.66 43.6 2.53 0.052 0.227 0.005 0.015 0.072 0.000 0.007
Unflavored milkc (g) 118.57 14.29 122.28 9.87 0.826 0.118 0.033 0.301 0.021 − 0.067 0.126
Cooking fats and oilsc (g) 13.04 0.97 11.76 0.67 0.154 0.081 − 0.086 0.850 0.055 − 0.073 0.591
Othersf Packaged snacksc (g) 6.61 0.99 4.6 0.68 NA 0.058 − 0.100 0.418 − 0.023 − 0.249 0.122
SSB (g) 129.05 11.58 95.77 8 0.023 0.19 0.001 0.004 0.023 − 0.001 0.001
Confectioneriesc (g) 30.56 4.26 23.32 2.94 0.706 0.165 0.115 0.501 − 0.069 − 0.276 0.018
Flavored milk (g) 65.62 7.19 42.69 4.97 0.012 0.14 0.062 0.375 0.001 − 0.113 0.116
Convenience foodsc (g) 20.97 3.09 21.61 2.13 0.724 0.099 0.005 0.380 − 0.026 − 0.188 0.085



Between meals
Recommended foode Fruitsc (g) 10.06 3.13 12.79 2.16 0.496 0.054 − 0.075 0.304 0.013 − 0.108 0.161
Unflavored milk (g) 157.01 13.05 159.33 9.01 0.888 0.143 0.001 0.003 − 0.015 − 0.001 0.001
Othersf Street-side snacksd (g) 59.36 4.81 37.7 3.32 < 0.001 0.39 0.009 0.016 0.094 0.001 0.006
Packaged snacksc (g) 4.77 0.82 3.86 0.57 0.276 0.113 0.044 0.606 0.014 − 0.161 0.244
SSB (g) 79.35 9.88 85.45 6.83 0.624 0.009 − 0.001 0.002 − 0.044 − 0.002 0.000
Confectioneriesc (g) 9.91 2.47 13.79 1.71 0.035 0.073 − 0.062 0.367 − 0.01 − 0.173 0.133
Flavored milkc (g) 32.97 5.3 20.49 3.66 0.149 0.071 − 0.041 0.284 0.023 − 0.076 0.155
Adjusted R2 0.489 Adjusted R2 0.744
%Energy from between meals 19.06 1.02 18.44 0.71 0.63
%Energy from main meals 76.06 1.02 76.85 0.71 0.54

Bold values indicate statistical significance. Original data of mean and standard error (SE) were presented in the ANCOVA. NA; Not applicable, SSB; sugar-sweetened beverages, β; beta coefficient, 95% CI; 95% confidence interval.

a

Adjusted for rEI–BMR ratio and sex.

b

Dependent variables included BAZ, adjustments for rEI–BMR ratio, and sex for model 1 and rEI–BMR ratio, sex, and energy intake for model 2.

d

Weight of the street-side snack was calculated based on the food consumed, rather than its individual ingredients. For example, the weight of a crispy wonton was calculated as a whole, instead of wonton, vegetable oil, and salt.

c

Non-normally distributed variables were log-transformed prior to the analysis.

e

Foods included in Thailand's food-based dietary guidelines.

f

Foods not included in Thailand's food-based dietary guidelines.