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. 2018 May 29;9:601. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00601

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Copyright © 2018 Eigendorf, May, Friedrich, Engeli, Maassen, Gros and Meissner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of mRNA expression of (A) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms I/β, IIa, and IId/x, (B) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) as markers of oxidative energy metabolism, (C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a marker of glycolytic energy metabolism, and (D) mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) as a marker of radical metabolism. Muscle biopsies were taken before the start of the HIHVT at baseline (BSL) testing, after the first (1st), ninth (9th), and eighteenth (18th) training session. MHC isoform expression is shown as percentage of total MHC isoform mRNA copies (set to 100%). The mRNA expression of other marker genes is shown in arbitrary units. Data are presented as means ± SE. ^*Significantly different from BSL testing, p < 0.05; ⁺Significantly different from the first training session, p < 0.05.